On Beck’s View Of Governance Of Scientific And Technological Risks

The application of science and technology plays an important role in human development,and it has gradually become an important foundation for human survival and life.However,with the further development of modern high technology,the negative effects brought by technology cannot be ignored,and technological risks have become a concentrated manifestation of the negative effects of technology.Whether starting from an international or domestic perspective,exploring the way to manage scientific and technological risks is currently a problem to be solved.Ulrich Beck is one of the main founders of the risk society theory.The study of Beck’s scientific and technological risks governance theory has great significance to our governance of scientific and technological risks.Beck’s risks theory has gone through a process of development.He proposed a risk concept with new meanings based on the new realistic background and risk related theories.And the risk connotation has gone from "general irresponsibility" to "organized irresponsibility",the transition from “dart effect” to “world risky society”,from “subpolitics” to “re-creation politics”.Beck indicated that scientific and technological risks are the main source of risks in a risky society.Beck’s risk management thoughts are developed around this core idea,mainly including three aspects.First,the connotation of technological risks,that is scientific and technological risks refer to the potential side effects of the development of science and technology.It is also the subjective construction of science and technology knowledge,or the product of the reflexive nature of science and technology development.Second,the characteristics of technological risks,that is technological risks are spontaneous and artificial,objectivity and subjectivity,equality and inequality.Third,the consequences of technological risks,that is environmental pollution and ecological destruction,economic devaluation and deprivation in the ecological sense,dangerous defensive totalitarianism,and new social inequality.Beck analyzed the causes of scientific and technological risks from three aspects:technological complexity,organizational system and cognition.One is that the complex nature of science and technology is the inherent cause of scientific and technological risks.Scientific theories are fallible and the application of science and technology is autonomous.Second,"organized irresponsibility" is the institutional cause of scientific and technological risks,the causal chain and damage circle are opportunities for "organized irresponsibility",scientific and technological rationality is "economic shortsighted",and public risk awareness is insufficiently effective.Third,the rupture of scientific and technological rationality and social rationality is the cognitive cause of scientific and technological risks.With the continuous penetration of scientific and technological risks,public risk awareness has increased,but scientific rationality denies risk causally,and the limit value of scientific and technological risk allows risk to spread.There is a gap in risk perception,and these three factors have contributed to the generation of scientific and technological risks to varying degrees.The governance of scientific and technological risks is conducive to correcting scientific rationality,promoting the benign interaction between technology and society,saving the reflexive crisis of modern civilization and improving the degree of modernization development.The governance of scientific and technological risks must adhere to the principles of early warning,democratic and negotiated governance,develop modern risk awareness and response education systems,establish negotiated ecological democratic politics,and create open governments and international non-profit organizations.Beck’s scientific and technological risks management thought has important theoretical and practical significance.The "reflexivity" embodied in the concept of scientific and technological risks has critical thinking,and the institutional governance it advocates embodies systemic thinking.Its new understanding of science and technology broadens the horizon of scientific and technological philosophy research.At the same time,the development of China’s science and technology is related to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the realization of the Chinese Dream,as well as the development of the Chinese people.At present,China’s scientific and technological risk situation has been formed,and Beck’s scientific and technological risks governance thought has positive reference significance for China’s governance of scientific and technological risks and the sound development of science and technology.