| Bird strikes on aircraft have been a worldwide problem in the aviation industry.Bird strike controlling work is the key to understand bird activity situation in airport and surrounding area.In order to better guide the airport in bird strike prevention,a two years systematic survey of bird activity situation was carried out using line transect method,point sampling method and net trapping method in the clearance area of Hengyang Nanyue Airport from April 2021 to February 2023.Avian community composition,species diversity and spatial and temporal distribution patterns in the clearance area were analyzed.Meanwhile,the key controlling bird groups in airport were selected basing on bird strike risk factor evaluation model and cluster analysis method.According to the bird situation characteristics and the existing prevention ability of the airport,bird strike prevention countermeasures were proposed from the perspective of birds with high bird strike risk and seasonal.The main results were as follows:(1)A total of 116 species were recorded,belonging to 15 orders,42 families and 82 genera at Hengyang Nanyue Airport during the survey period.Among them,this airport owned 15 species of national second-level key protected birds.The ShannonWeiner diversity index for the bird community was 3.316 and the Pielou homogeneity index was 0.698.Divided by residence type,there were 61 species of resident birds,25 species of summer migrants,21 species of winter migrants,and 9 species of traveling birds.Divided by avian fauna,54 species belonged in the East Ocean,44 species belonged in the Palaearcade,and 18 species belonged in the widespread distribution.According to avian ecological groups,there were 2 species of swimming birds,21 species of waders,5 species of Landfowls,13 species of scansores,12 species of raptors,and 63 species of songbirds,among them,the ratio of water birds to forest birds was 1:3.The analysis of species composition showed that the bird community of Hengyang Nanyue Airport had a high level of species diversity,among which migratory birds accounted for a higher proportion,which is related to the airport is located in the Xiangjiang River migratory birds migration channel,migratory birds migration season has become an important season for bird strike prevention.(2)The temporal distribution pattern of birds showed that avian species diversity index was the highest in summer,followed by in spring,and the highest in April.The bird species diversity index was the lowest in autumn,and the lowest in September.Therefore,in addition to the spring migration period,the threat of bird strikes in summer should be still serious.In addition,it also reflected the possibility of nonoverlapping migration routes of some migratory birds at Hengyang Nanyue Airport in spring and autumn.(3)The avian spatial distribution pattern analysis showed that the bird species diversity index was the highest in the airport climbing area,followed by the airport flight area,and the lowest at the inner horizontal plane.Among avian habitat types,tree forest had the highest species diversity index,shrub followed,and village had the lowest.The results showed that the main habitat types of birds in different functional areas were correlated with each other.The climbing area of the airport was the widest,and the main habitats of birds were arbor forest,river and reservoirs.The flying area of the airport was mainly shrub.On the inner horizontal plane,farmland and village habitat were the main habitats.It suggested that the flight area and climbing area should become the key area of bird strike prevention,arbor forest,shrub and pond should become the focus of bird habitat management in the airport.(4)The analysis of bird strike risk level shows that there are 15 species of birds with high risk level,34 species of birds with medium risk level and 38 species of birds with low risk level in the flight area of Hengyang Nanyue Airport.The 15 bird species with high bird strike risk rating were Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis,Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis,Blackbird Turdus mandarinus,Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus,Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus,Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus,Little Egret Egretta garzetta,Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus,Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax,Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula,White-backed Munia Lonchura striata,Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulate,Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica,Cecropis Daurica Cecropis daurica and Besra Accipiter virgatus.Based on the cluster analysis and bird habits,these birds with high bird strike risk were classified into six bird strike prevention priority groups:forest birds,plovers,herons,grassland dwellers,human companion species and raptors.(5)Bird strike prevention countermeasures:firstly,bird net interception and turf management would be mainly targeted at lawn-dwelling birds,forest birds and human companion species;secondly,water management would be mainly targeted at plovers and herons;thirdly,pest management would be mainly aimed at forest birds,human companion species and raptors;finally,rodent and rabbit control and bird prevention nails would be mainly targeted at raptors.In addition,this paper also put forward suggestions for the bird strike prevention in different seasons. |
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