Study On The Preparation Of Transparent Superhydrophobic Film And Improving Output Power Of Photovoltaic Modules

Photovoltaic modules are installed outdoors,and power generation efficiency is greatly affected by external environmental factors.The surface of modules is very easy to deposit dust,especially after natural rainfall,some dust will form stubborn stains,which is more difficult to remove.Studies show that if the dust on the surface of the module is not removed for more than six months,the power generation efficiency of the module will reduce by about 50%.In addition,the shielding effect of dust particles will also form hot spots and shorten the service life of photovoltaic modules.Therefore,this paper focuses on how to reduce the problem of dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic modules,and conducts the following research about the preparation method of transparent super-hydrophobic films and improving the output efficiency of photovoltaic modules:(1)Analyze the power generation principles of photovoltaic modules and various output parameters of the modules.Study the photovoltaic characteristics of the photovoltaic module when dust is deposited,the calculation formula of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current with dust deposition is deduced through the linear relationship between the photogenerated current of the module and the light intensity.Investigate the effect of light transmittance on the short-circuit current of modules.Study the scattering phenomenon of light on rough surfaces,analyze the relationship between the hydrophobic properties and light transmittance of materials.Select nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 nm,and change the ratio to control the content of nanoparticles during the preparation process,thereby to control the surface roughness of the material and ensure the light transmittance in the visible light band.(2)The preparation method of superhydrophobic coating was studied.Introduce a large amount of fluorine element to reduce the surface energy of the object.In the laboratory environment,using polyacrylate as the base material and fluorinated silica as the filling material,super-hydrophobic coatings were prepared according to different proportions,and were coated on the glass surfaces dedicated to photovoltaic modules.The content of fluorinated nanoparticles affects the root-mean-square deviation of the contour height of the surface protrusion,and the effect of the ratio on the microstructure and spectral characteristics of the material surface is studied.Generally,due to the limitation of the rough surface structure,the light-transmitting properties and mechanical strength of the superhydrophobic materials will be reduced.This paper proposes to prepare antireflection layer with octadecylamine and silane coupling agent to improve the spectral characteristics of the material.The Si-OH group,produced by the coupling agent hydrolysis,reacts with the-OH group on the surface of the glass to form a Si-O-Si covalent bond to improve the weatherability of the material.Combined with the hydrophobic layer constructed by fluorinated nanoparticles,a transparent superhydrophobic material with good weather resistance is prepared.(3)The effect of superhydrophobic materials on the output characteristics of the module was studied.Analyze the composition and particle size of natural dust,the composition and content of salt in natural dust,and the effect of dust coverage on photovoltaic modules,select 25?m laterite particles as the dust source to simulate dust deposition,and select sodium chloride as the salt in dust.Mix salt with red laterite particles in different proportions.Simulating natural dust deposition in the experimental environment,the output characteristics of blank modules and experimental modules were tested in the solar simulator.Study the effect of superhydrophobic materials on the photovoltaic performance of modules under different dust deposits.After the above experiments,the following conclusions were obtained:(1)The super-hydrophobic material can make the surface of the module self-cleaning.The results of the study on the spectral characteristics and hydrophobic properties of the coated materials show that the visible light transmittance of the module is improved after coating the super-hydrophobic film.At the same time,the water contact angle of the component surface increased from the original 66.2 ° to 151.4 °,so that the component has a certain anti-dust performance.After adding the anti-reflection layer,the light transmittance is increased by 3.7%.The results of the friction resistance test show that the hydrophobic angle of the material can still reach more than 130 °,and the weather resistance is good.(2)Super-hydrophobic materials can increase the output power of the module and reduce the accumulation of dust on the surface of the module.The experimental results of the output characteristics of super-hydrophobic modules under the condition of dust deposition show that the output power of the modules coated with super-hydrophobic materials is greater than that of the blank modules.And with the increase of the dust covering rate,the maximum power of the coated modules decreased by 3.8%,while the blank modules decreased by 10.9%.The research result is of great significance to alleviate the problem of module dust deposition and improve the economic benefits of photovoltaic power stations.