| Due to the shortage of natural and precious wood resources,the replacement of fast-growing wood in furniture has become popular.Veneer has gradually become one of the main methods to improve the surface quality of fast-growing wood and improve the visual characteristics.At present,the dyeing agents used in veneer dyeing are mostly synthetic dyes.However,a large amount of non-degradable waste liquid will be produced in the dyeing process,which not only pollutes the ecological environment,but also poses a threat to human health.Natural plant dyes are derived from nature.Using plant dyes instead of synthetic dyes for dyeing can not only effectively reduce environmental pollution,but also have health care functions for the human body.Therefore,it is meaningful to develop vegetable dyes for the dyeing of veneers.In addition,the traditional veneer dyeing style is single and lacks innovation for content.Combining the traditional dyeing with batik process can enrich the dyeing form and increase the added value.In this paper,response surface experiments are employed to optimize the optimal extraction process of safflower yellow pigment first.Then,the pretreatment method combining freeze-thaw cycle and bleaching is used to increase the dyeing rate of dyed materials.Finally,the combination with batik process enriches the veneer dyeing modus and improves decorative and added value of stained veneer.The main research results of this article are as follows:(1)In the extraction experiment of safflower pigment,the results of response surface experiment showed that the influence degree of various factors on the extraction rate for safflower yellow pigment were as follows:ultrasonic power>water bath time>water bath temperature.The extraction yield of safflower yellow pigment reached the maximum of 6.84%when the conditions of water bath time,temperature and ultrasonic power were 34 min,90? and 350 W,respectively.The ultrasound-assisted method can be used to accelerate the extraction rate of pigment.It is concluded that safflower extract should be kept in neutral condition below 45? and protected from light according to the stability experiment.(2)In the dyeing experiment of Fraxinus mandshurica veneer,the veneers were pretreated by freeze-thaw cycle and bleached in order to improve the dyeing rate.The single factor experiments were employed to investigate the effects of dyeing time,dyeing temperature and concentration of dyeing solution on the dyeing rate of Fraxinus mandshurica.The dyeing conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments.The results exhibited that the influence degree of different factors on the dyeing rate of Fraxinus mandshurica veneer was dyeing temperature>dye concentration>dyeing time.The optimal conditions were determined as:dyeing time 10 h,dyeing temperature 90?,dye concentration 5 g/L.Moreover,the average dye-uptake rate was 37.47%through three parallel verification experiments.It was found that the contact angle of white latex and varnish after dyeing was increased.At the same time,the adhesion of paint film was up to grade 1.After 100 hours of photoaging test,the color fastness of dyed veneer can reach 1-2 grade.The acid resistance of dyed veneer can reach 1-2 grade,and the alkali resistance is less than 1 grade.(3)In the suitability and batik experiment of safflower dye,safflower dye was used to dye three kinds of common veneer wood,namely red beech,white oak and maple.The results showed that safflower dye preformed the best dyeability to the red beech.In the veneer batik experiment,it is the better effect for the veneer dyeing when the wax density and the ratio of paraffin wax to beeswax are 0.1 g/cm2 and 2:3,respectively.The combination of traditional batik technology and modern wood dyeing technology can break through the traditional dyeing form,endowing the dyeing material with higher decoration and increase its added value.Promote the modern development of traditional crafts,spread and promote Chinese traditional culture. |
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