| Objective: Epidemiological and experimental results have shown that high fructose intake is associated with an increased risk of diseases such as hyperuricemia and kidney and liver damage.Astaxanthin is a lutein carotenoid,mainly derived from Marine organisms,and has anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and anti-tumor effects.Methods: SD male rats were fed with 10% high fructose solution every day for modeling and intragastric administration,except the normal group.On the 40 th day,the rats were transferred to metabolic cages,urine was collected for 24 hours,and the rats were sacrificed after fasting for water on the last day.In order to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of AST on UA synthesis,the enzymatic activities of XOD and ADA in serum and liver were measured.RT-q PCR was used to detect the m RNA expressions of OAT1,OAT3,ABCG2,URAT1 and GLUT9 genes in rats' kidneys.The protein expressions of GLUT9,URAT1,OAT1,OAT3 and ABCG2 were investigated by Western blot.To study the protective effect of astaxanthin on kidney injury in rats,and to observe the effects of astaxanthin on serum BUN and Cr levels in rats.He staining was used to observe the morphological changes of rat kidney.The activities of MDA,SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in kidney of rats were observed.The contents of IL-6,TNF-?,IFN-? and IL-10 in kidney of rats were quantitatively studied by ELISA method.The protein expressions of NF-?B p65/I?B-?,Nrf2,HO-1,GCLM and NQO1 in kidney were investigated by Western blot.To study the protective effect of astaxanthin on liver injury in rats and to observe the effects of astaxanthin on ALT,AST and TG levels in serum of rats.The morphological changes of rat liver were observed by HE staining.The activities of antioxidant enzymes MDA,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px and T-AOC in the liver of rats were observed.The contents of IL-6,TNF-?,IFN-? and IL-10 in the liver of rats were quantitatively studied by ELISA method.Western blot was used to investigate the protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1,GCLM and NQO1 in liver.Results:1.Astaxanthin can reduce the level of serum uric acid,inhibit the activities of XOD and ADA in serum and liver and reduce uric acid synthesis.Meanwhile,it can down-regulate the m RNA and protein expressions of GLUT9 and URAT1 and up-regulate the m RNA and protein expressions of OAT1,OAT3 and ABCG2 and promote uric acid excretion.2.Astaxanthin can reduce rats serum BUN and Cr level,reduce the oxidative stress levels in the kidney,strengthen the kidney in the SOD,CAT and GSH-Px activity of antioxidant enzymes,and suppress the production of proinflammatory factor IL-6,TNF-?,IFN-?,promote the production of IL-10 anti-inflammatory factor,Western blot results show that astaxanthin inhibits the NF-?B p65/I?B-? predominate the activation of signaling pathways,and promoted in the liver,GCLM,NQO1 Nrf2,HO-1 protein expression.3.Astaxanthin can reduce rats serum ALT and AST level,and lower levels of TG in serum and liver,lower levels of oxidative stress in the liver,to enhance the antioxidant enzymes in the liver SOD,CAT and GSH-Px activity,and suppress the production of proinflammatory factor IL-6,TNF-?,IFN-?,promote the production of IL-10anti-inflammatory factor,Western blot results show that astaxanthin promote Nrf2,HO-1in the liver,GCLM,NQO1 protein expression.Conclusion:Astaxanthin can significantly reduce the level of uric acid induced by high fructose diet,reduce the activities of XOD and ADA to inhibit uric acid synthesis,and regulate uric acid transporter to promote uric acid secretion.Astaxanthin protects the kidney by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the kidney and reducing the inflammatory response of the kidney,which is related to inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-?B p65/I?B-?pathway and enhancing the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Astaxanthin protects the kidney by reducing TG accumulation in the liver,enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the liver and reducing the inflammatory response of the liver,which is related to enhancing the Nrf2 signaling pathway... |
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