Study On Green Mine Dynamic Monitoring And Cleaner Production Of Bayan Obo Mine

Rare earth is the "mother of new materials" and is an important strategic mineral resources.China has the largest reserves,output and trade volume of rare earth in the world.However,in the process of rare earth mining,there will be a large amount of waste of resources and ecological environmental pollution,which has a great impact on the environment of mines and threatens the living conditions of human beings.Bayan Obo mine is the largest rare earth mine in the world.The open pit mining has caused great damage to the local original landforms and grasslands,and the waste water and residue produced by the production of rare earth will be directly discharged into the tailings pond.The best way to solve these problems is to build green mines.Scientific and effective suggestions on the construction of the green mine in Bayan Obo mine are put forward to reduce the impact of mining activities on the environment,which is of great practical significance for promoting the actual construction and theoretical research of the green mine in the existing rare earth mines.In this paper,the research status of mine remote sensing,mining environment and cleaner production technology at home and abroad is summarized.Based on the characteristics of open pit mining in Bayan Obo mine,the mining area of Bayan Obo mine was delineated based on remote sensing image,and the mining depth of the mining area was obtained by using the digital elevation model to estimate the ore mining amount of Bayan Obo mine from 1990 to2020.Then,the mining environment of Bayan Obo mine was quantitatively estimated at four time points(1990,2000,2010 and 2020).The mining environment was selected from five aspects of carbon storage,habitat quality,soil conservation,water production and water conservation,and the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the mining environment were analyzed.Normalized analysis was carried out on the estimated results and the future changes of mining environment were predicted.At the same time,the life cycle assessment method is used to analyze and study the existing mining and dressing process,point out the shortcomings of the process and put forward improvement suggestions.First of all,monitoring the mining amount of the mine can effectively prevent the mine from crossing the boundary and exceeding the mining design,and can also be used to provide data support for the later mine restoration and governance work.Secondly,most of the grassland in Bayan Obo mine has been transformed into mining area in the past 30 years,and the amount of five mining environments is all decreasing,and the amount of water conservation is negative.The total mining environment showed a linear downward trend,and the amount of mining environment decreased by 60%.The change of mining environment is closely related to the change of mining area,which indicates that the greening of mining area is an effective measure to protect mining environment.Finally,the study found that the production of rare earth oxides(REO)in Bayan Obo mine accounted for the largest proportion of light rare earth.According to the degree of environmental impact of the production process,it is divided into four stages and compared,and some improvement suggestions are put forward to realize clean production.The research results of this paper can provide some reference for the construction of green mines in open-pit rare earth mines.