Fabrication Of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds By Electrohydrodynamic 3D Printing For Biocompatibility Study

Bone defects caused by periosteal infections,bone tumors,and skeletal deformities are very widespread in bone tissue repair.The adult bone tissue has a limited regeneration ability,so that the damaged region can't be repaired,imposing mechanical disadvantages that ultimately lead to a series of sequelae.Melt electrospinning writing(MEW)has recently emerged as this process can be used to fabricate microscale structures with three-dimensional(3D)geometrical features.Therefore it is widely used to fabricate various types of tissue scaffolds including bones,nerves,skin,cardiac tissue.Recent study shows pore sizes in scaffold between 200 and 350 ?m appeared to be optimal platform for osteoblast proliferation,promoting bone formation rapidly and cell ingrowth.In contrast,larger pore sizes(>500 ?m)did not enhance cell attachment or promote cell infiltration.Electrospinning method has been widely applied to fabricate nanofiber scaffold.Owing to its high surface-to-volume ratio,complex porous structure with excellent poreinterconnectivity,diverse fibrous morphologies,and similarities to the natural ECM.So electrospun have been employed for engineering various tissues of skeletal muscle,bone,cartilage,skin,blood vessel,and nerve.This study presents a composite tissue engineering scaffold fabricated by stacking alternately with electrospinning gelatin nanofibers and MEW PCL microfibers.PCL microfiber scaffold induces cell orientation to ensure overall strength and induce cell growth,gelatin nanofibers provide an extracellular matrix(ECM)structure and improve the hydrophilicity of the scaffold.The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope and hydrophilicity of the scaffold was characterized by water contact angle measuring instrument.Characterization of cell morphology and growth and proliferation of mg63 cells on scaffolds were studied by mtt method and immunofluorescence staining.Osteogenic activity of cells on scaffolds was measured by alizarin red and alp kit.Confocal microscope was used to observe the cell penetration in the multilayer composite scaffold.Therefore combining electrospinning and MEW to fabricate can eliminating problems of hydrophobicity,cell adhesion,low stiffness and promoting cell penetration and tissue osteogenesis.