Effect Of Gravity Separation On The Quality And Mycotoxin Content Of Fusarium Head Blight Wheat

In this paper,scab-infected wheat(Zhengmai 9023)in Zaoyang,Hubei Province was used as the experimental material to explore the method of reducing mycotoxins in scab-infected wheat based on gravity separation.By studying the effects of gravity separation on mycotoxin content and quality characteristics of wheat,the screening and separation ability of gravity separation on mycotoxin-contaminated wheat was evaluated,and the quality characteristics of light wheat and heavy wheat products obtained by gravity separation were analyzed.Then,the basic grading processing ways for light and heavy wheat after gravity separation were made.Subsequently,the combination of gravity separation and milling treatment on the reduction of mycotoxins was studied.The distribution characteristics of mycotoxins and the quality characteristics of the milling fractions were studied for achieving the improvement in the safety and quality characteristics of wheat under the premise of ensuring the conservation of raw materials.Finally,the light wheat obtained by separation was treated by ultrasonic washing.The effect of different ultrasonic washing wheat conditions on the detoxification ability were discussed,so that light wheat can fit the safety requirements of feed and raw grain processing.The effect of carbonized chitin microspheres adsorption on DON in wheat washing water was further studied,so that wheat washing wastewater can reach safe standards.Research showed:(1)By the gravity separation,the deoxynivalenol(DON)content,the zearalenone(ZEN)content,and the total bacteria decreased by 31.07%,46.02%,and 62.34%,respectively.Therefore,the separation had a significant screening effect on high mycotoxin grains in wheat.In terms of quality characteristics,the percentage of imperfect grains of heavy wheat after gravity separation was 22.10%lower than that of untreated wheat,the gluten index of flour was increased by 6.88%,the wet gluten content was increased by 9.22%,the falling value was increased by 15.19%,the dough stability time was increased by 0.97 min,and the dough storage modulus(G?)and loss modulus(G?)were increased,and the loss tangent(tan?)was decreased.In terms of cake quality,the specific volume and the number of cells in the heavy wheat cake were 3.57 m L/g and 1626,respectively,which were better than the untreated wheat increased by 4.08%and 10.61%,and the total concavity,cell volume,and unevenness were 6.27%,9.80 mm³,and 0.992,respectively,which decreased by 23.81%,11.39%,and 7.20%;cake hardness,elasticity,and chewiness were improved.The viscosity was significantly reduced.Therefore,the gravity separation of wheat could significantly improve the quality of wheat flour and cakes.However,the quality characteristics of light wheat obtained by gravity separation was too poor and the content of mycotoxins was too high.Even after detoxification treatment,it was still not suitable for Food use.So,the subsequent detoxification treatment of light wheat to aim on the feed standard.(2)Research on the effect of Buhler MLU-202 experimental flour milling process and Chopin Labmill imitation industrial flour milling process on removing DON in wheat found that the two experimental flour milling processes can effectively remove DON from wheat.The removal rates of DON and ZEN were about 41.03%and 43.50%,respectively.And the flour yield of wheat gradually decreased with the increase of DON content in wheat.The DON content of different flouring point flours gradually increased from the inside to the outside in the wheat endosperm.Both of the two flour milling processes showed a tendency that the mycotoxin content in reduction flour was lower than break flour.As the front flour,the mycotoxin content and the total bacteria of the R₁ flour were the lowest among the flour flows,and the mycotoxin content and the total bacteria of the break flour were the highest in each flour flow.By removing the tail flour(such as B₃flour of Buhler MLU-202 experimental milling process and B₂ flour of Chopin Labmill imitating industrial milling process),it could effectively further reduce the mycotoxin content and the total bacteria.At the same time,the DON and ZEN content of the slag flour in the Chopin Labmill was between the B₁ flour and the B₂ flour.(3)Through the analysis of the quality of the flour flow in the experimental flour making process.It could be found that the broken starch content of slag flour was significantly higher than that of reduction flour and break flour by about 20%,the flour color was significantly reduced,and its water absorption rate was significantly higher than other flour flows by 60%,and the stability time and gelatinization of the dough characteristic was significantly lower.By extending the wheat flour milling flow,the flour yield could be effectively improved.In break systems and reduction systems,as the flour output point moved backward,its quality characteristics were decrease,and the relative peak viscosity,regeneration value,and stability time were reduced.The rheological properties of the front flour were better than back flour,and the rheological properties of the break flour were better than the quality of the reduction flour.We found that as the proportion of wheat increases,the flour-extracting point of wheat tends to gradually move back,and the quality of the same flour-flow wheat flour will be improved.(4)The removal rate of vomiting toxins from wheat grains by ultrasonic washing was significantly higher than normal washing.Under the conditions of 25?,ultrasonic power of 100%and ultrasonic washing of wheat for 10 min,the removal rate reached 43.90%.With the increasing of the ultrasonic washing time,the removal rate of DON in wheat grains gradually increases,but the growth rate of the removal rate shows a slow downward trend.When the ultrasonic washing reached 10 minutes,the removal rate of DON gradually tends to stable.By increasing the wheat washing temperature,the DON removal efficiency of ultrasonic washing wheat showed a linear increase trend.The adsorption rate of uncarbonized chitin on the DON from washing wastewater was 20.79%,which was lower than the adsorption rate of 41.85%of activated carbon with high specific surface area.However,by the carbonization of chitin,the ability of adsorbing DON in washing wastewater was enhanced.With the increase of the carbonization temperature,the adsorption capacity of carbonized chitin showed a trend of increasing first and then stable,and the effect of increasing was most obvious between 200?and 400?.Carbonized chitin obtained by carbonization at temperatures of 400?and above had a stable adsorption rate of about 71%,which was significantly higher than the adsorption capacity of activated carbon with high specific surface area.After the adsorption treatment,the vomiting toxin in the wheat washing water was reduced from 2710 ng/m L to about 783ng/m L,achieving a pollution-free treatment effect.Through repeated carbonization,the carbonized chitin adsorbent could be reused.