Effects Of Different Oils On Growth,Glucose And Lipid Metabolism And Oxidative Stress In Rats

Objective:The edible oils differ in fatty acid structure,types and contents of micronutrient so they have different effects on growth performance,glucose and lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.Therefore,the study intended to compare the fatty acid structure and micronutrient content in different edible oils.Moreover,the effects of different oils on the growth performance,glucose and lipid metabolism,inflammation and oxidative stress of rats in the normal diet group and the high fat diet group were studied to evaluate the efficacy of mixed oils and provide reference for residents to reasonably choose edible oils..Methods:One hundred and twelve 5-week-old Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into 14 groups according to body weight.The energy supply ratio of fat in normal diet group was 10%including the normal control group(NCD),normal soybean oil group(NSOD),normal olive oil group(NOOD),normal rice oil group(NROD),normal mixed oil A group(NMOAD),and normal mixed oil group B(NMOBD),normal mixed oil group C(NMOCD).High fat diet groups(45%)included high-fat control group(HFCD),high-fat soybean oil group(HFSOD),high-fat olive oil group(HFOOD),high-fat rice oil group(HFROD),high-fat mixed oil group A(HFMOAD),high-fat mixed oil group B(HFMOBD),high-fat mixed oil group C(HFMOCD).The rats in each of the above groups were fed with the normal control fat(56%soybean oil,44%lard),soybean oil,olive oil,rice oil,mixed oil A(20%red palm oil,60%rice oil,13%tea oil,7%flaxseed oil),mixed oil B(30%red palm oil,53%rice oil,10%tea oil,7%flaxseed oil),and mixed oil C(40%red palm oil,44%rice oil,10%tea oil,6%flaxseed oil)as fat sources.During the experiment,the weight of rats was weighed every 2 weeks and the distance from the tip of nose to the root of the tail of rats in supine position was measured by steel ruler as the body length.After 15 weeks of intervention,blood of rats was collecteded.After dissection,the left femur was removed for the measure of BMD,femur length and weight.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)of rats were measured with enzyme method.Serum apolipoprotein A1(Apo A1),apolipoprotein B(Apo B),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),diphosphate adenosine(ADP),interleukin 1(IL-1),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxide(LPO),glutathione peroxide enzyme(GSH-Px),oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox LDL)and 8-iso-prostaglandin(8-iso-PGE2?~c)concentration of rats were measured with ELISA method.The fatty acids,?-carotene,phytosterol,squalene and?-carotene.,?-,?-,?,tocopherol and tocotrienol content in the control oils.olive oil,rice oil,mixed oil A,mixed oil B,mixed oil C,red palm oil,tea oil,linseed oil,and lardoils were measured with Guo Biao(GB)standards or physical and chemical methods.Results:(1)Comparation of nutritional components in the oils:rice oil,mixed oil A,mixed oil B,and mixed oil C had a more balanced fatty acid structure.The n-6:n-3PUFAs ratio of the three mixed oils was lower than that of other intervention oils.Soybean oil had a relatively high total tocopherol,most of which were?-tocopherol.Contents of?-tocopherol in olive oil and rice oil were the highest.Linseed oil contained?-tocopherol mainly.Tocotrienols was detected only from rice oil,mixed oil A,mixed oil B,mixed oil C,red palm oil and lard.Soybean oil contained the most total vitamin E followed by rice oil,mixed oil A,mixed oil B,mixed oil C,red palm oil and linseed oil.Olive oil had the highest content of squalene and polyphenols.Rice oil had the highest content of?-oryzanol and phytosterols.Red palm oil had the highest content of?-carotene.(2)Effect on growth performance:The results of animal experiments on the effects of different oils on the growth performance of rats showed that the weight and body length of rats in normal diet groups had a time trend and there was no statistically significant difference between the changes in body weight and body length.In each group of normal diet groups,,rice oil,mixed oil A and mixed oil C increased the BMD and femoral weight levels of rats compared with the control oil while olive oil and mixed oil B increased BMD.Compared with rice oil and mixed oil A,mixed oil B increased the level of femur length in rats.In the high fat diet groups,the weight and body length of rats had a time trend,and the weight change trend of the HFSOD group was higher than that of the HFCD group,HFOOD group,HFROD group,HFMOAD group,HFMOBD group and HFMOCD group.The trend of the HFMOBD group was lower than HFCD group,HFOOD group,HFROD group and HFMOAD group.Therefore,it was believed that different oils have the same effect on the body length changes of rats.Soybean oil may promote the weight gain of rats on a high fat diet.Compared with the control oil and rice oil,olive oil increased the level of BMD and femur weight in rats.According to the experimental results,it was found that in the high fat diet groups,olive oil had a better effect on promoting femoral growth.Probably because the polyphenol content in olive oil is higher.(3)Effect on glycolipid metabolism and inflammation:The results of animal experiments on the effects of different oils on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation in rats showed that in each group of normal diet,the mixed oil B can significantly increase the levels of serum HDL-C and Apo A1 in rats,reduce LDL-C levels compared with the control oil.Olive oil,rice oil,mixed oil A and C significantly reduced the serum LDL-C levels in rats.In addition,mixed oil A can also increase the levels of HDL-C and Apo A1.The effect of soybean oil on lipid metabolism in rats was not obvious.The experiment also found that in the normal diet groups,serum GLU level of rats in the NROD group was significantly higher than that in the NOOD group but there was no statistical difference between the two groups with the control group independently.Compared with the NCD group,olive oil,mixed oil A,B and C could reduce the level of serum INS in rats.The above results show that in a normal diet,olive oil,rice oil,mixed oil A,B and C can all play a good role in improving lipid metabolism,especially mixed oil.Olive oil,mixed oil A,B and C may help improve glycometabolism in rats.This experiment found that compared with the NCD group,the serum hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF and IL-1 levels of rats in NOOD and NMOBD decrease;the levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF in the NROD,NMOAD and NMOCD decreased;no statistical difference was found in the NSOD.In high fat diet groups,compared with the HFCD,the serum TG,LDL-C and Apo B levels of the HFMOB decreased,and the HDL-C level increased;the serum LDL-C and Apo B levels of the HFOOD and the HFROD decreased,the level of Apo A1 increased;the levels of serum TG,LDL-C and Apo B in the HFMOAD and HFMOCD decreased;the levels of TC and Apo B in the HFSOD group increased.The results of glucose metabolism showed that the serum GLU level of the HFMOBD was lower than that of the HFSOD.The INS level of the HFOOD,HFROD,HFMOAD,HFMOBD and HFMOCD was lower than that of the HFCD group.The above results indicate that in the high-fat diet,olive oil,rice oil,mixed oil A,B and C have also been found to improve lipid metabolism,and mixed oil B has the most significant effect.Olive oil,rice oil,mixed oil oil A,B and C may help improve glycometabolism.Different from the normal diet,soybean oil and the control oil have no statistically different effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats.In a high fat diet,soybean oil may accelerate lipid deposition.Among the HFD groups,the serum hs-CRP,IL-6 and ADP levels of the HFOOD and HFMOBD were significantly lower than those of the HFCD and HESOD.The serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels of the HFMOCD were significantly lower than those of HFCD.The hs-CRP level of HFROD and HFMOAD group was significantly lower than that of HFCD.And the level of IL-6 was significantly lower than that of HFCD and HESOD.(4)Effect on oxidative stress:This experiment found that in each group of normal diet,compared with the NCD group,the serum MDA,NEFA,LPO and ox LDL levels of rats in the NOOD,NROD,NMOAD,NMOBD and NMOCD decreased,while the GSH-Px level increased;the serum SOD level of rats in the NMOAD,NMOBD and MOCD increased.No significant difference was found between soybean oil and control oil in the oxidative stress level of rats with normal diet.Among the high fat diet groups,compared with the HFCD group,the serum MDA,ROS,NEFA,LPO and ox LDL levels of rats in the HFOOD,HFROD,HFMOAD group,HFMOBD and HFMOCD decreased,while the SOD and GSH-Px levels increased;the level of ROS in the HFSOD decreased and the level of GSH-Px increased.Compared with the HFSOD group,the ox LDL level of the HFOOD,HFROD,HFMOAD,HFMOBD and HFMOCD decreased and the SOD level increased;the MDA and NEFA levels of the HFOOD and HFMOBD decreased,and the GSH-Px level increased;GSH-Px level increased in HFROD;MDA and NEFA levels decreased in HFMOAD;NEFA level decreased and GSH-Px level increased in HFMOCD.Conclusions:(1)Mixed oil A(20%red palm oil,60%rice oil,13%tea oil,7%flaxseed oil),mixed oil B(30%red palm oil,53%rice oil,10%tea oil,7%flaxseed oil),mixed oil C(40%red palm oil,44%rice oil,10%tea oil,6%flaxseed oil)and rice oil had a more balanced fatty acid composition.The n-6:n-3PUFA ratio of the three mixed oils was lower than other oils.Each kind of oil contained different trace active components but the content is different.Content of micronutrients in the mixed oils are relatively balanced.(2)In this study,we have not found the promoting or inhibiting effects of different oils on growth and development.(3)It was found that blended oil B and olive oil had the most significant improvement effect on glucose and lipid metabolism,inflammation and oxidative stress in rats in which mixed oil B is the most recommended(4)It is suggested that mixed oil made up by 30%red palm oil,53%rice oil,10%tea oil and 7%flaxseed oil should be used instead of soybean oil.Or olive oil,rice oil and other edible oils could be used alternately.