Allocation Of Responsibilities For Carbon Emissions From Inter-state Trade

The development of international trade has continuously deepened the separation between production and consumption.Although international trade has boosted the economic growth of various countries to a certain extent,the subsequent implicit carbon trading has also brought certain controversies to the determination of carbon responsibility.How to construct a fair and reasonable carbon emission sharing plan that can be accepted by all interest groups has become a current academic research hotspot.Although the basic logic of producer responsibility is very clear and the accounting process is also easier,there are defects such as carbon leakage,unfairness to developing countries such as China,and low willingness of developing countries to participate in international emission reduction agreements;The dimension of "Consumer Responsibility Principle" has the problems of loosening the constraints on the producing countries and lacking the actual motivation to reduce emissions.This paper attempts to find a middle way between the two distribution schemes,and proposes a more ethical carbon emission sharing model,which allocates carbon emission responsibilities in trade based on two dimensions of fairness and efficiency.Based on the input and output tables of 41 regions released by OECD from 1995 to 2011 and the CO₂ emission tables from 1995 to 2009 in the WIOD environmental satellite account,this paper first accounts for and analyzes the total global carbon emissions and trade carbon emissions The trend of the share of trade carbon emissions in global carbon emissions;then accounting for the carbon emissions transfer of major economies,and taking developing countries-China,and developed countries-the United States as examples,to explore their sub-sectors The carbon import and export situation;finally,based on "fairness" and "efficiency",an economic ethics shared responsibility model was constructed to try to share trade carbon emissions,and the total carbon emissions of each country based on the three principles for 15 years Compared.The study found that:（1）From 1995 to 2009,the average value of carbon emissions from global trade as a percentage of total emissions was as high as 20%.When formulating emission reduction policies,this part of carbon emissions cannot be ignored.（2）From a global perspective,the general flow of carbon implicit in international trade is as follows:underdeveloped regions headed by Russia and China flow to developed regions headed by the United States and the European Union.Most of the regions with net hidden carbon imports have relatively high economic and technological levels.They are willing to transfer the time value of producing high-energy-consuming commodities to low-carbon industries.Through the import of high-energy consumption and low-value-added products,they have achieved hidden carbon transfer.（3）Most developing countries are similar to China.Compared with the territorial principle,regardless of the accounting based on the consumer principle or fair efficiency principle,their share of carbon emissions has declined.This means that the actual carbon emission responsibility of developing countries has been overestimated for fifteen years.The situation of most developed countries is similar to that of the United States.Compared with the territorial principle,the share of carbon emissions based on the consumer principle and the principle of fair efficiency has increased,which means that its actual carbon emission responsibility has been underestimated for 15 years.The significance of this article is:（1）Provide theoretical tools for developing countries to change the passive situation of international climate negotiations."The more profit,the greater the responsibility,the lower the efficiency,the greater the responsibility",the "economic ethics distribution plan" can provide effective distribution means for developing countries,and help to increase the acceptance of the transaction parties.（2）Effectively prevent carbon leakage caused by international trade.Today,when global climate negotiations have been stalled repeatedly and slow progress has been made,the issue of trade-implied carbon emissions responsibility should not be a "handicap" for the implementation of future emission reduction policies.The "economic ethics distribution plan" proposed in this paper can theoretically prevent the carbon leakage problem caused by international trade.（3）Enriched the connotation of "shared but different".The "common responsibility principle" has become a hotspot in the research of carbon hidden in trade in recent years.This paper considers both fairness and efficiency,and allocates carbon emissions based on economic benefits and environmental responsibility,which can better reflect economic ethics.