| On November 15,2020,after eight years of 31 rounds of formal negotiations,the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)was finally signed under the witness of the leaders of 15 countries.This news makes the topic of international trade become a hot topic once again.In the context of trade globalization,the trade between countries is increasingly close,which can be reflected in the increasing total global trade,the increasing diversity of products,the deepening of trade benefits and other aspects.At the same time,this process is accompanied by the loss of resources,the exchange and exchange of technology between countries,the non-balance deterioration of international ecological environment and so on.So,does trade bring economic development or ecological destruction? Is it based on or a challenge?There has been no consensus on this issue since it came into being,and even different scholars have diametrically opposite views.Firstly,this paper reviews the existing literature on international trade,ecological environment,energy consumption and pollution emission,which can be divided into theoretical research literature and empirical literature.The theoretical research literature also includes the literature on the overall relationship between export trade and environment and the theoretical literature on the impact mechanism of export trade on environment.Empirical literature includes Chinese empirical literature and foreign empirical literature.Secondly,the existing data are used to conduct factual analysis on the energy consumption and pollution emission of export and non-export enterprises by year,industry and region,and it is found that on the whole,export enterprises use less energy consumption and emit lower pollution intensity than non-export enterprises.Then,this paper studies and discusses the main mechanism that the reason why export enterprises are cleaner than non-export enterprises lies in the emission reduction efforts of export enterprises,and puts forward two mechanism hypotheses in this paper.Finally,on the one hand,from the micro point of view,the enterprise micro data and PSM model are used to empirically test whether export enterprises are more "clean" in terms of pollution emission than non-export enterprises,and a series of robustness and heterogeneity tests are carried out on the empirical results.On the other hand,the relevant empirical results do not agree with the mainstream hypothesis that the reason why export enterprises are cleaner is not that they have more investment in emission reduction,but the difference in the energy use structure during production.As for the focus of this paper,this paper adopts the data of enterprises at the micro level from 1998 to 2013 to conduct an empirical analysis of matching tendency score,and draws the conclusion that export enterprises are indeed more environmentally friendly than non-export enterprises.The specific results are as follows: the discharge intensity of sewage of non-export enterprises is 22% higher than that of export enterprises;the discharge intensity of sulfur dioxide is 25% higher than that of export enterprises;the discharge intensity of nitrogen oxides is 33.33% higher than that of export enterprises;and the discharge intensity of smoke and dust is 45.45% higher than that of export enterprises.As for the mechanism analysis,it is found that the emission reduction facilities of export enterprises are less than those of non-export enterprises,but the energy consumption intensity of coal and water is significantly lower than that of non-export enterprises.It is inferred that the mechanism for export enterprises to be more environmentally friendly than non-export enterprises lies in their cleaner energy use structure.After the conclusion of this paper,relevant policy suggestions are put forward,including using more efficient energy for production in the production process,and increasing more investment in energy conservation and emission reduction to control pollution in the process of emission reduction. |
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