Research On Pricing And Coordination Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Based On Carbon Taxation Constraints

As global environmental problems become more and more serious,governments of various countries have paid more attention to carbon emissions.Governments have formulated and implemented relevant laws and regulations to control greenhouse gas emissions.Among them,carbon taxation is an important means to effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Although the execution of the carbon taxation policy has effectively increased the willingness of enterprises to reduce emissions,it has also brings new challenges to the business decision-making of each member of the CLSC.This makes manufacturers and retailers must seriously consider the impact of carbon taxes on product pricing,emission reductions,and coordination mechanisms.Therefore,in a complex reality,carbon taxation policy becomes a key dimension of consideration.It is an important content that affects the pricing and coordination of the closed-loop supply chain to distinguish between the manufacturer’s non-emission reduction input and the consideration of emission reduction input.Firstly,this paper researches the CLSC pricing and coordination model that considers only the level of consumer perceptions of remanufactured products when the manufacturer has non-emission reduction input.The main purpose is to introduce the carbon taxation policy into the CLSC pricing decision,based on the fact that the recycling quality is uncertain,and to explore the impact of the carbon taxation rate and the level of consumer perceptions of remanufactured goods under the premise of considering consumers’ level of consumer perceptions of remanufactured goods on CLSC pricing decisions.It was found that the carbon taxation rate would reduce the demand for new products and increase the sales price of new goods and remanufactured goods,but had no effect on the recycling price.Nash bargaining-based revenue sharing contracts and two-part pricing contracts are effective for CLSC coordination when the contract parameters meet certain conditions,make all members of the supply chain and the overall profit level consistent with the centralized decision-making.Secondly,this paper researches the CLSC pricing and coordination model that takes into account the consumers’perceptions of remanufactured products and consumers’ low-carbon preferences when manufacturers have emission reduction input.Building on chapter three,further consider the influence of manufacturers’emission reduction behaviors and consumers’ low-carbon preferences on the production and operation decisions of enterprises.The research shows that there is an optimal emission reduction that maximizes the profit level of each member,and the optimal emission reduction is related to the carbon tax rate and consumers’low-carbon preference.At the same time,both of them have a negative impact on the market demand for new products,but are positively correlated with the market demand for remanufactured products.In addition,it is found that both revenue-sharing contracts and two-part pricing cost-sharing contracts are effective in solving the problem of double marginal effects arising from decentralized decision making and achieving CLSC coordination.At the same time,by comparing the optimal decision of each member before and after the input of abatement technology,it is found that all the decision variables except the recycling price of used products are affected by the abatement input behavior of manufacturers to some extent.Finally,through the combination of the model analysis results and the actual situation of A,it is found that the carbon tax policy will inhibit the economic development of enterprises,but it can effectively control the greenhouse gas emissions.And with the increase in the carbon tax rate and consumers’ preference for low carbon,the willingness of manufacturers to implement emission reduction input has become stronger.For A and similar companies,whether to reduce emissions should be decided according to the degree of consumer preference and the carbon tax rate.However,it is undeniable that enterprises’ emission reduction input behaviors can effectively enhance environmental benefits and reduce carbon emissions.No matter whether to reduce emissions or not,companies should cooperate with retailers to jointly make decisions to improve their personal and overall profits.And it should have strong negotiation ability,for it is a favorable position when negotiating with retailers,so as to obtain more benefits.