Analysis Of Farmers’ Willingness To Pay And Determinants For Rural Waste Governance

Rural society is developing rapidly.However,the conflict between human and nature has become increasingly prominent.The problem brought about by the early development model of "pollution first,treatment later" have been emerging.Severe rural ecological destruction and environmental pollution have brought great threats to the health of rural residents,and have also become an urgent problem for the rural revitalization strategy.And rural production and domestic waste is one of the important sources of environmental pollution.Under the combined effect of the negative externality of waste pollution and the attributes of public goods in waste governance,the government has become an important governance service provider.However,a single “top-down” governance approach may cause government failures,leading to low governance efficiency.To solve the problem of rural waste governance,it is necessary to form a multi-agent collaborative governance approach and give full play to the main role of farmers.The participation of farmers in rural waste management can not only effectively solve the problem of insufficient capital investment,but also stimulate farmers’ enthusiasm for supervision and participation in governance.Therefore,understanding the willingness and level of farmers to pay for the governance,and exploring the influencing factors of the willingness and level are of great significance to promoting farmers’ participation and improving the rural environment.At the same time,it is also an effective practice of the social governance theory of "coconstruction,co-governance and sharing",which is conducive to enhancing farmers’ sense of happiness,security and acquisition.In view of these,this article focuses on hot topics in the field of rural environmental governance.Firstly,it builds a theoretical framework based on domestic and foreign research results.Secondly,it uses 775 survey data of farmers to analyze the characteristics of farmers’ samples,the status of production and domestic waste governance,and the participation of farmers.Finally,it uses the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM)to calculate of farmers’ willingness to pay for the governance.Based on these,this paper selects four key factors,including environmental responsibility and policy cognition,which belong to the internal perception level,as well as publicity and village rules,which belong to external institutional level,explores the decision factors of farmers’ willingness and level of payment for rural waste governance,and adopts the Heckman two-stage model and the Probit model for empirical testing.And the robustness test is used to verify the scientific of the measurement results.The main conclusions show that: Firstly,the rural waste governance is progressing steadily,but it still needs to be improved,which is mainly reflected in the insufficient supply of waste treatment facilities,poor long-term governance,low satisfaction evaluation,and lack of awareness of some farmers.In contrast,the domestic waste governance mechanism carried out in good condition,farmers’ behavior is also more reasonable,but the governance of production waste needs to be strengthened urgently.Secondly,the farmers’ willingness to pay for rural domestic waste governance is between 9.51 and 12.61 yuan a household per month;while the willingness to pay for the rural production waste governance is between 6.52 and 13.80 yuan an acre per quarter.Publicity,village rules,environmental responsibility and policy cognition all directly and positively affect farmers’ willingness to pay and the payment level in rural production and domestic waste governance,but the impact of publicity on the payment level of farmers in the production waste governance is not significant.In addition,publicity and village rules also play a part of the regulatory role.Thirdly,publicity,village rules,environmental responsibility,and policy cognition have differences in the impact of different genders,different age groups,and different income levels on farmers.The two external variables,publicity and village rules,have a more significant impact on man’s willingness to pay for waste governance;policy cognition has a stronger effect on the willingness to pay for domestic waste governance of young farmers than older farmers;the positive impact of high-income farmers’ willingness to pay for waste governance is also more significant than that of low-income farmers.Based on the research conclusions,this article puts forward suggestions: enhancing the ability of village-level autonomy,giving play to the guiding role of the government and stimulating the main consciousness of farmers.