Research On Strategy And Application Of Charging And Discharging Electricity Price For Electric Vehicles Based On Game Theory

Due to its energy-saving,low-carbon and environmental protection characteristics,electric vehicles have become the top priority in the research of new energy vehicles.In recent years,the number of electric vehicles has been increasing.The randomness and intermittency of the disorderly charging load of electric vehicles will have an impact on the safe and stable operation of the power system,and increasing the complexity of the power system operation.In response to the above problems,researchers have studied the Vehicle-to-Grid technology from the perspective of the impact of electric vehicle access on the grid operation indicators and the benefits of electric vehicle owners.However,most of the researches only unilaterally from the grid side or the vehicle owner side when considering benefits,which makes the proposed Vehicle-to-Grid strategy difficult to apply to actual scenarios.To fully evaluate the impact of the interaction behavior of vehicle-grid on the benefits of both parties,the charging and discharging price of electric vehicles is a focus that deserves attention.Electricity price is an important factor to encourage electric vehicles to participate in power grid scheduling.How to determine the reasonable charging and discharging price through negotiation in different application scenarios,while guiding electric vehicles to meet the demand of power system dispatching,and taking into account the reasonable interest demand of electric vehicle owners,is the key problem to be solved in the process of electric vehicle popularization.In view of the above situation,this paper takes electric vehicles connected to the grid as the research object,comprehensively considers the interests of the power system and the owners of electric vehicles.Taking into account the commodity attributes of electric vehicles charging and discharging energy,and systematically analyzes the relationship between the charging and discharging electricity price and the scheduling of the electric vehicle connected to the power grid in different scenarios at the application level of peak load regulation,congestion management,etc.On this basis,the corresponding pricing method is put forward to guide the electric vehicle to select the appropriate time for reasonable charging and discharging to meet the scheduling demand of the power system on the premise that the owner of the electric vehicle and the income of the power system reach a balance.The specific research contents of this paper are as follows:Aiming at the scenario of electric vehicle participating in power system peak-load regulation,a one to many two-stage discharging price negotiation strategy is proposed.The participants in the negotiation include an power company and several multiple vehicle agents.The model determines the upper and lower limits of the discharge price that can be accepted by all parties to the negotiation by estimating the vehicle network interaction cost,the owner’s income of electric vehicles and the benefit of the power company.Through the establishment of two-stage negotiation model,it is more close to the exploration and learning behavior of other participants in the actual negotiation.The negotiation participants can choose and learn through the collected information to adjust their own negotiation strategies,so as to obtain the electric vehicle discharging price that can balance the benefits of both parties.The example analysis shows that the discharging price obtained by the strategy can guide the electric vehicle to charge and discharge in order to replace the standby unit to reduce the peak load and peak valley difference,and make the income of the electric vehicle owner and the power company reach a balance.Aiming at the congestion problem of power system,a dynamic pricing strategy of nodal charging and discharging price is proposed to guide electric vehicles to participate in congestion management from time and space dimensions.Through the proposed congestion cost calculation and allocation method based on the congestion contribution degree,taking into account the network topology of the system,the congestion cost is reasonably allocated to each load and electric vehicle according to the contribution degree to the congestion.On this basis,a one to many game model is established,in which power company is the game leader and the electric vehicle agent is the game follower.The objective of each player is to maximize their own interests.The equilibrium solution of the game is the charging and discharging price of each node and the charging and discharging scheme of the electric vehicle agents.The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively guide electric vehicles to formulate a reasonable charging and discharging scheme,reduce or eliminate the system congestion,reduce the peak-valley difference of the system,achieve the maximum charging and discharging benefits of electric vehicle,and improve the economy of the electric vehicle participating in V2 G.Aiming at the problem of system congestion and the economy of microgrid operation,a purchase and sale electricity price game method for microgrid to participate in the congestion management of main grid is proposed.By using the flexible and adjustable characteristics of the electric vehicles inside the microgrid,the microgrid is guided to purchase and sale electricity reasonably to participate in the congestion management of the system.Considering the wind power and photovoltaic units in microgrid,the wind power output model considering the uncertainty is established,and the internal optimal dispatching model of microgrid aiming at the optimal economy is constructed.By studying the relationship between the acceptable purchase and sale price limits of microgrid and main grid side and the charging and discharging price of electric vehicles in microgrid,the limit value of purchase and sale price in the game between main grid and microgrid is determined.Finally,the game model of the main grid-microgrid congestion scheduling is established.The simulation results show that the proposed method can guide the microgrid including electric vehicles to formulate reasonable power purchase and sale scheme to reduce the system congestion,realize the internal optimal scheduling of micro grid,and improve the economy of microgrid operation.