Influencing Factors And Optimization Strategies Of Urban Built Environment On Children’s Independent Mobility

"Children’s independent mobility" refers to the degree of freedom for children under 18 years of age to move around in their neighborhood or city without an adult.The independent mobility of children is an important part of the space-level study of child-friendly cities,which is closely related to the built environment of the city.Children are the masters of the future of the city.It is of great significance to study the impact of the built environment on the independent mobility of children.This is not only related to children’s physical and mental health,but also to the future development of the city.According to literature research,in recent decades,whether in developed or developing countries,with the rapid development of urbanization,children’s independent mobility will show a decreasing trend,which will ultimately affect children’s travel safety and children’s sociality.Development has resulted in high social costs for child-rearing families.Foreign countries began to pay attention to the impact of urban built environment on children’s independent mobility in the 1980s.The research is more in-depth and extensive,but China has only begun to pay attention to children’s independent mobility in recent years.The research focuses on one-sided introduction of foreign theories and practices.To explore the empirical research on the influencing factors of children’s mobility in the process of urbanization in China.Due to the differences between China and the West,the domestic framework for the interpretation of the built environment impact on children’s independent mobility has not yet been established,nor has a systematic built environment indicator system been formed,so it is difficult to provide policymakers with basic support from the policy level.According to the weak background of domestic empirical research,this paper systematically analyzes the research process of children’s independent mobility at home and abroad in detail,and fully studies the foreign literature.From the perspective of urban spatial planning and design,it sorts out the impact of urban environment,school environment and home environment on children’s independent mobility.On the basis of the influence factors of the built environment obtained from the literature research,this paper makes an empirical research on Changsha City and Yueyang City.It is mainly based on the questionnaire survey of the students in three primary schools in the city center,supplemented by the field survey and interviews with relevant educators,community leaders,parents and other relevant personnel.From three aspects of children’s basic personal information,children’s independent mobility and urban built-up environment,this paper conducts in-depth analysis on the independent mobility of students in grade 1-6,puts forward the environmental impact factors that affect the establishment of children’s independent mobility in the context of urbanization in China,It points out that the degree of urbanization,urban safety,road safety,school location,residential location,activity place and other built environment affect children’s independent mobility,which is the potential qualitative research basis for the degree of children’s friendliness improvement.Finally,on the basis of literature and empirical research results,from the perspective of spatial design and spatial management policies,according to the urban environment,school environment and home environment,the paper respectively puts forward the planning policies that are conducive to children’s independent mobility and suitable for children friendly cities currently in progress.That is to improve the public space in the urban environment,improve the road safety,reasonably plan the school location in the school environment,improve the school site design,implement the walking school bus plan,occupy a large number of activity sites in the family environment,reduce the living area,improve the community security,so as to provide important theoretical support for the gradual establishment of a child friendly urban environment.