The Ecological Aesthetic Implication Of Gardens In Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty is an important period for the development of Chinese landscape art,and landscape scholars have paid much attention to it.It is an important transition period for the gardens of the Tang Dynasty to inherit the style of the gardens of the Wei Jin and Six Dynasties,which was rich and magnificent and took the natural landscape as the main carrier,and to follow the aesthetic tendency of the gardens of the Song and Ming Dynasties to be literary,impressionistic and highly artistic.Compared with the gardens of the Six Dynasties,the number of gardens in the Tang Dynasty increased greatly and their distribution was more extensive.In terms of categories,royal gardens,private gardens(including aristocratic gardens and literati gardens),temple gardens and public gardens,especially literati gardens,emerged in large numbers after the Middle Tang Dynasty,and became the forerunner of the presentational gardens in the Song Dynasty.Garden aesthetic theories and gardening thoughts have become mature.Whether from the ecological point of view of the relationship between man and nature or from the aesthetic point of view of art,it reflects the height of thinking beyond the previous people.The theory of artistic conception is applied to the construction of gardens,and it is presented through specific gardening techniques such as borrowing scenery,matching scenery,and curve path.Garden techniques such as stacking mountains,placing stones,digging ponds,managing water,and planting flowers and trees have also been skillfully used in the creation of gardens.There are many excellent poems and articles about gardens,and gardens have become an independent category in the field of poetry.Although the garden theory has not formed a monograph,there are many theoretical poems and articles,and the discussion is quite deep,especially the emergence of gardeners such as Bai JuyiFrom the perspective of function,gardens are first of all a living environment.Especially after the gradual popularization in the Tang Dynasty,gardens have increasingly become a place for scholars to balance the contradiction between officialdom and seclusion and achieve ideal living.A series of gardening activities and aesthetic activities in gardens in the Tang Dynasty actually reflected the relationship between man and nature they believed.This understanding is undoubtedly an important theoretical resource for the construction of ecological aesthetics today.This paper attempts to make a comprehensive discussion on the aesthetic style of gardens in the Tang Dynasty from an ecological perspective.Gardens in the Tang Dynasty are obviously different from those in the previous period,which are embodied in the number and scale,type distribution,garden ideology,gardening techniques,garden poetry and theory,and the changes of gardens in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.Influenced by the idea of inclusiveness and openness,gardens in the Tang Dynasty formed an intertextual relationship with other art categories in art.In the relationship between man and nature,through a series of gardening theories and techniques,they pursued a harmonious coexistence of garden dwellings.This new gardening and aesthetic characteristics are mainly affected by internal and external factors.In terms of internal factors,the inheritance and accumulation of garden art itself blossomed in the Tang Dynasty.In terms of external factors,there are political(Tang Dynasty seclusion and political connection and Tang government policy for seclusion praise,thus promoting the development of garden),thought(Tang Dynasty natural aesthetic development and deepening),religion(Taoism,Buddhism development of garden design and aesthetic promotion and the trend of the integration of three religions on the Tang Dynasty natural aesthetic influence)and other social background,jointly shaping the aesthetic style of the Tang Dynasty garden.In addition,the ecological view in Chinese traditional philosophy and the resulting ecological aesthetic consciousness have a significant impact on the landscape of the Tang Dynasty.The impacts of this ecological aesthetics on gardens in the Tang Dynasty can be implemented in two aspectsThe first is the practical aspects of the concept of garden construction and planning and design.The ecological consciousness of Tang people was first embodied in the concept of garden construction and planning.Through the study of the specific planning steps of Tang gardens,such as the purpose and function of garden construction,site selection and site engineering,the concept of garden structure and the specific material composition(rocks,pools,plants,buildings,etc.),We can explore the relationship between man and nature in the layout and construction of gardens in the Tang Dynasty,as well as the ecological aesthetics reflected in these harmonious settings between man and nature.The second is the ideological level of garden aesthetics.A series of aesthetic activities carried out by Tang people in gardens,such as banquets,flowers appreciation,reading and sleeping,etc.,often resorted to writing and poetry.Through the garden style and garden life presented in the garden poems and essays of the Tang Dynasty,we can analyze the relationship between the people and the natural landscape provided by the garden.The spirit is connected with heaven and earth,and the aesthetic is connected with nature.The people of Tang Dynasty have embodied the ecological view and aesthetic view with Chinese characteristics in their daily garden life,which is leisurely and comfortable.Chinese ecological aesthetics root in Chinese native philosophy and aesthetics.In this context,gardens in Tang Dynasty can be regarded as a model to discuss the relationship between human and nature and all things,which should be enlightening for the construction of ecological civilization today.