Design And Implementation Of Differential-based Remote Upgrade For ECUs On Vehicles

Currently,a large number of information technologies have been applied in the field of automotive electronics.The softwareization of automobiles is gaining prominence and the public are increasingly familiarized with the concept of software-defined vehicles.The electronic control unit(ECU),as the carrier of automotive software,plays a significant role during the life cycle of the vehicle on which it is mounted.Therefore,efficient software upgrade is pivotal to ensuring the performance of vehicles.However,the traditional upgrade method is costly,low in efficiency,and reliant on professional maintenance personnel and equipment.In addition,the traditional hardware platform is not designed to tolerate faults in upgrades.Therefore,it is highly urgent to improve the convenience of upgrades,add methods for redundancy,and reduce the total amount of data transmitted during upgrades.In this thesis,the author delves deep into a differential-based remote upgrade system and applies it to ECUs to form a remote upgrade solution that is based on the differential method.The solution encompasses the server side,including a service publishing platform and a data hosting platform,and the vehicle side,including a remote data flashing terminal and the ECU.The solution ensures that software iteration and upgrades can be smoothly performed throughout the life cycle of vehicles.The thesis contains the following aspects:1.In-depth research is conducted on the key technologies of typical ECU file systems and differential upgrade.The A/B partition scheme on Linux ECUs is also introduced in detail.The thesis gives special attention to the differential upgrade method,expounding on the differential description file formats as well as the generation,restoration,and installation of differential packages.2.The thesis explains the overall architecture of the upgrade solution,including its hardware platform,server resources and software design.In terms of data transfer,HTTPS-based interface and communication protocols are customized to transfer data between the server and vehicles.The process control and data flow are elaborated on,including the publishing,download,and installation of upgrades.3.The system is implemented on the NXP IMX 6 platform.The ECU is simulated by using the STM32 and ROCKCHIP development boards,and the in-vehicle networking architecture is simulated based on the CAN bus and Ethernet.Then,joint tests are carried out.By combining the data captured in the Ethernet and CAN bus,the author meticulously analyzes logs generated by the buried points,after which test results are obtained.4.In the simulated test scenarios,the differential-based remote upgrade system implemented in this thesis can accurately and efficiently perform remote upgrades.The accuracy,feasibility,and efficiency of the proposed differential remote upgrade solution are proved by the tests.