Research On Pro-poor Improvement Of Safe Water Supply And Sanitation In Rural China

The realization of safe water supply and environmental sanitation service supply is an important action to implement the United Nations Millennium Declaration.Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the Chinese government has always attached great importance to the improvement of rural safe water supply and environmental sanitation services,and the rural safe drinking water and environmental sanitation conditions have been greatly improved.With the development of the water reform movement and the "toilet revolution",the problem of safe water supply and environmental sanitation clothing for the poor has become increasingly prominent.Poverty,as a sustainable equity index,is widely used to evaluate the fairness of distribution in the process of improving the supply of public services.However,there are few studies on the improvement of poverty by safe water supply and environmental sanitation services in China.Therefore,this paper makes a systematic study on the poverty of rural safe water supply and improvement of environmental sanitation facilities,and makes an in-depth analysis of the rural residents in safe water supply And the benefit of environmental health service improvement,especially the poor people.This paper chose tap water and sanitary latrines as the measurement indicators of safe water supply and environmental sanitation services,and the policies related to safe water supply and environmental sanitation facilities in rural China are sorted out,and the spatial differences and development trends of rural residents’ tap water and sanitary toilets are analyzed.In order to further explore the poverty benefit of tap water and sanitary latrines,based on the related variables of 43671 households’ safe water supply and environmental health services in CHNS database from 1989 to 2015,this paper uses growth occurrence curve and poverty growth rate to explore the overall poverty-benefit of rural safe water supply and environmental sanitation service improvement,and investigates different policy stages,urban and rural areas,and different characteristics There is heterogeneity in improving the poverty benefit between tap water and toilet.In addition,the specific impact of individual capacity and social factors on Farmers’ access to safe water supply and environmental sanitation services was analyzed.The conclusions are as follows:(1)From 1989 to 2015,the overall poverty situation of tap water and sanitary toilets was different.From the perspective of tap water ownership,the improvement of tap water is not beneficial to the poor;from the perspective of income,the improvement of tap water generally reaches the standard of weak poverty alleviation.From the perspective of toilet ownership,the improvement of environmental sanitation facilities is not conducive to poverty;from the perspective of income dimension,the improvement of environmental sanitation facilities generally reaches the standard of weak poverty alleviation.(2)Except that the growth curve of rural and urban tap water from 2009 to 2015 is opposite,the curve shape of urban and rural growth in other stages is the same.The same shape of growth curve means that,at different quantiles,although the growth rate of urban tap water and sanitary latrines is higher than that of rural areas,the distribution trend of the growth of tap water and toilet in different income families is consistent.(3)The poverty benefits of safe water supply and improvement of environmental sanitation services in different families are also different.In the aspect of water supply,the contribution of female and young householders to the poverty alleviation of tap water was mainly from 2000 to 2009,and the educational grouping had little effect on the poverty alleviation results.In terms of sanitary toilets,the growth rate of sanitary latrines in low-income families of female headed households in 1989-1997 and 1997-2009 was higher than the average value,while the young households did not reach the poverty standard in the period of 2009-2015.(4)The contribution of community health score,per capita income,education level,gender of householder and age of householder to the increase of tap water and toilet ownership rate is different,and the contribution of community health score to tap water and toilet is positive.Gender is the most important factor influencing the growth of toilet ownership rate in each time period.Female headed households contribute the most to the increase of toilet ownership rate in five periods: 1991-1993,1993-1997,1997-2000,2004-2006 and 2006-2009.Compared with the existing literature,the possible innovations of this paper mainly include: from the perspective of research,this paper focuses on the perspective of equity,and the research on the poverty-benefit of China’s safe water supply and environmental sanitation makes up for the lack of equity perspective in this aspect.From the perspective of research content,this paper focuses on the benefit of safe water supply and environmental sanitation service improvement.Previous studies on its poverty benefit are only regarded as a part of multi-dimensional poverty alleviation,rarely analyzed separately.From the perspective of research methods,this paper uses a variety of methods to measure the poverty-benefit of safe water supply and environmental sanitation service improvement,uses the generalized growth occurrence curve and the growth rate of poverty to measure the poverty benefit of rural safe water supply and environmental sanitation facilities,and compares the two dimensions of income dimension and welfare growth dimension,the results are more real and effective.