Comparative Study On Water Supply And Sanitation Facilities Between China And Africa In Rural Areas

Water supply and sanitation are two of most important sectors of development.Access to water supply and sanitation are basic human needs and rights.The objective of this study was to assess the water supply and sanitation situation in rural areas of China and Africa.By conducting assessments of the population access to improved water and sanitation in rural areas of China and Africa,the thesis identifies water supply and sanitation problems in the rural areas of China and Africa and then proposes solutions to improve water supply and sanitation coverage in rural areas of China and Africa.African countries and China rural areas are facing the problem of accessing improved water and sanitation.However,compared to the standing level of both cases;China’s water supply sources and sanitation situation in rural areas come forward that one of Africa’s standing points.Based on WHO/UNICEF water supply data in 2017,China’s rural areas count 87.9% of total the population had access to improved water source,11.8% of total the population had access to unimproved water source and 0.4% of total population using surface water.On other hands Africa’s rural areas count 70% of total population had access to improved water source,19% of total population had access to unimproved water source and 11% of total population using the water directly from the source.Based on WHO/UNICEF sanitation data in 2017,China’s rural areas count 82% of total population had access to improved sanitation,17.6% of total population had access to unimproved sanitation,and 0.5% of total population applied open defecate.While Africa’s rural areas count 41% of total population had access to improved sanitation,28% of total population had access to unimproved sanitation and 31% of total population applied open to defecate.These data present the real situation on both sides Africa and China,and it shows not only that Africa’s countries have too much to learn from China’s ways of improving water supply and sanitation in rural areas but also that China hasn’t yet achieved the possible maximum number of people having access to improved water supply and sanitation in rural areas.The problems of water supply source and sanitation in rural areas of China were water quality,management of water supply and sanitation project and Climate change.The appropriate improved water supply and sanitation technologies to use in rural areas of China are to set the policies for water supply and sanitation in rural areas of China and to establish the management way before and after water supply and sanitation project execution.The water supply and sanitation problems in rural areas of Africa were lack of institution management,poverty,bad management of sanitation facilities and education level.The appropriate technologies to use to alleviate these problems are to establish the water supply and sanitation institution in rural areas Africa and African countries with these institutions,these institutions should work properly as well.The government should assign each institution its roles and responsibilities alongside with the national target to be achieved.Priorities should be given to support poor population,to construct and renovate the water supply and sanitation facilities,to explain the benefits of using improved water and improved sanitation to illiterate population as well as more clarification about regulations and policies of improved water supply and sanitation set by the government and to sensitize the African’s to recycle water so that water can be used for non-potable(not for drinking)purposes.