| Since the founding of the people’s Republic of China,the automobile industry has developed for many years,and has become one of the most important industries to promote economic growth and employment.From the beginning of the weak foundation of the automobile industry to the world’s largest production and sales,the domestic automobile industry has made great achievements.But behind the prosperity,the innovation and development of the domestic automobile industry is uneven.On the one hand,the new energy automobile power battery representing the direction of industrial upgrading,Ningde era,BYD has achieved the leading position of world technology,the Great Wall auto self-developed reverse engine has been equipped in the Hafer series and achieved a good market share;on the other hand,the traditional automobile industry in the Sino-foreign joint venture greenhouse is large and not strong,core components such as high-end bearings,crankshaft and other core manufacturing technology has not broken through the foreign blockade.With the economic development of the new era,the automobile industry will change from "low-end manufacturing" to "high-end creation ",and the role of industrial innovation in the transformation and upgrading of the automobile industry and the promotion of social and economic development and employment support will become more and more important.Therefore,the innovative research of automobile industry has great practical significance.Furthermore,the Huawei chip manufacturing has sounded the alarm bell for us by the US sanctions,and the significance of studying and evaluating the manufacturing and innovation capabilities of every link in the whole industry chain has been highlighted.In the past,the research from the single perspective of vehicle manufacturing or new energy enterprises is not comprehensive.Industrial innovation depends not only on downstream vehicle enterprises,but also on the innovation ability of enterprises producing new energy batteries,traditional fuel power engines and other products in parts enterprises.It is also essential to scientifically evaluate the innovation of the whole industry chain of automobile industry,find out the shortcomings and shortcomings and improve them,Realize the bend overtaking in this field,realize the national 2025 industrial strategy.Based on this,this paper evaluates from two angles: first,divides industrial innovation into technology research and development and achievement transformation stage,and studies innovation efficiency vertically from the value chain perspective;second,divides the automobile industry into different production fields,such as vehicle manufacturing,new energy power accessories,fuel power accessories,automotive electronic accessories,general accessories,etc.Using the data of listed companies,the innovation efficiency of automobile industry is split from the micro point of view,so as to realize scientific evaluation and in-depth research,and perfect the research angle of industrial innovation efficiency.Based on the panel data of 91 listed companies in automobile industry from 2013 to 2019,the data envelopment method(DEA)is used to evaluate the innovation efficiency of the industry scientifically.After that,the Tobit model is established,and the corresponding influencing factors are selected from three angles: enterprise technical behavior,enterprise main body behavior and enterprise external environment,and the innovation efficiency values of each stage are regressed and analyzed.Through the research of this paper,the conclusions are as follows :(1)the overall innovation efficiency of automobile industry is not high,the average value of technology research and development efficiency,achievement transformation efficiency and comprehensive efficiency are 0.322,0.544 and 0.498 respectively,and the efficiency of technology research and development is less than that of achievement transformation.(2)It is found that the innovation efficiency of the automobile industry presents the characteristics of differentiation distribution,most enterprises are located in the low R& D efficiency area,and the low R & D efficiency of the whole automobile industry is verified again;the technology R & D efficiency of the whole vehicle manufacturing enterprise is high and the result conversion efficiency is low,such as BYD and Jianghuai automobile,but there is no good result transformation to feed back the innovation activity,which will restrict the sustainable development of the industry innovation;Most parts enterprises can obtain a stable level of economic output through a stable zero-integrated relationship,even if the level of technology research and development is not high.Second,automotive electronic accessories enterprises,fuel power accessories and general accessories enterprises innovation efficiency are low.The Malmquist productivity index of innovation efficiency in the three stages shows a downward trend,and the average annual decline of technology research and development efficiency is the most serious,and the drag on technology research and development stage is obviously the effect of technological progress,while the drag on achievement transformation and comprehensive efficiency stage is the main contradiction.(4)Establishing a Tobit model to empirically test the influencing factors of efficiency in each stage.The results show that there is a negative correlation between R & D funds,manpower intensity and R & D efficiency,and a negative correlation between the level of innovation generation and the efficiency of achievement transformation.The results show that there is a certain degree of waste and redundancy of innovation input resources in China’s automobile industry.The profit situation in the main characteristics of enterprises will positively promote the three kinds of innovation efficiency,and the good profit situation can in turn promote the innovation efficiency in all stages and form a virtuous circle;Industry demand has a positive effect on the efficiency of achievement transformation in the short term,and it will also have a positive effect on the efficiency of comprehensive innovation in the long run.Finally,based on the results of efficiency evaluation and empirical regression,the paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve the innovation efficiency of automobile industry in China. |
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