Research On The Threatening Evaluation Of Ground Maneuvering Target By Satellite Reconnaissance

With the development of reconnaissance satellite,the satellite resolution has been increased,the revisit cycle has been shortened,and the threat to the ground target has been gradually increased.The process of reconnaissance satellites detecting ground maneuvering targets includes: coverage of targets;imaging by the remote sensor;data transmitted to the ground;initial image processing;information extraction from the image.The reconnaissance of ground maneuvering targets by optical and SAR imaging satellites is focused on in this article.The instantaneous coverage area of optical reconnaissance satellites is equivalently conical and the instantaneous coverage area of SAR reconnaissance satellites is equivalent to a strip-shaped area.Through the inclusion testing algorithm of points,the coverage model of ground maneuvering targets by satellites is established and the probability that the target is found by satellites is calculated.On this basis,considering the target image quality collected by the satellite and the cognitive ability of the observer to the image,a probabilistic model for detecting the maneuvering target of the optical imaging reconnaissance satellites based on the modified Johnson criterion is established.Considering the randomness of maneuvering target velocity and direction introduction,a target transition probability density function based on Gaussian distribution is proposed to evaluate the probability of satellite search to target.The model applies Johnson criterion which is used to calculate the detection probability for static targets to the maneuvering target.The reconnaissance performance of the satellite is measured by the probabilities of detection,recognition,and identification to target.Subsequently,the Satellite Tool Kit(STK)was developed for the second time.Through the MATLAB/STK simulation,the coverage to the maneuvering target,the probabilities of detecting,recognizing,and identifying targets were verified.Effects of target velocity,movement of satellite loads,constellation distribution,height of satellite orbit on reconnaissance results were analyzed and the following key conclusions were concluded:(1)The impact of satellite payload(optical sensor or SAR sensor)motion on target coverage is negligible.(2)Through the rational design of satellite constellations,such as using Walker-Delta constellations,the coverage efficiency of reconnaissance satellites to ground targets can be greatly enhanced compared to the distribution of non-designed reconnaissance satellites.(3)The coverage rate of ground maneuvering targets by multiple imaging reconnaissance satellites increases with the increase of ground target velocity,and then tends to be stable.(4)When the velocity is less than a certain value,the coverage times of ground maneuvering targets by multiple imaging reconnaissance satellites fluctuates.When the speed is higher than a certain value,velocity becomes the dominant factor that affects the coverage times,and the coverage times decreases linearly with the ground maneuvering target speed.