Research On The Development Process And Technical Points Of Prefabricated Buildings

In the 1950 s,new China began the road of building industrialization,and started to develop the prefabricated building.With the gradual improvement of the level of industrialization,the prefabricated building developed rapidly in several decades,and reached the first peak in the late 1980 s,basically forming a general system and formulating relevant regulations and specifications.However,its development trend in the 1990 s,once in a standstill.In 2016,the executive meeting of the State Council clearly proposed the new task of vigorously developing steel structure,concrete and other prefabricated buildings.Besides,in recent years,because of the gradual disappearance of China’s population dividend and the demand for sustainable development of the construction industry,the prefabricated technology ushered in another development opportunity.In the past three years,China’s prefabricated buildings have developed rapidly under the guidance of relevant supporting policies.According to the statistics of the calibration Department of the Ministry of housing and urban rural development,the quantities of prefabricated buildings in 2017 reached 180 million square meters,and in 2018 they reached 290 million square meters.In 2019,the newly constructed prefabricated buildings reached 420 million square meters.However,there are many problems in the development.In this context,the comparative analysis and summary of the development process of foreign prefabricated buildings and technology at home and abroad are particularly necessary.The topic tries to select the most representative samples in the field of prefabricated building for analysis.Japan,the United Kingdom and the United States located in Asia,Europe and North America are chosen as the foreign part,Beijing area is chosen as the domestic part which is of the most representative status in the field of assembly building.In view of the prefabricated concrete prefabrication technology is the main application object in recent years in China,this paper focuses on prefabricated concrete buildings,and only briefly describes other systems.Prefabricated building first appeared in western countries,and now a number of countries have formed a mature technology system.Although China’s prefabricated buildings have developed rapidly since entering the 21 st century,they are still in the exploratory stage compared with the level achieved by foreign developed countries.As an important pillar industry of China’s national economy,it is still one of the important paths to learn from the development experience of foreign prefabricated buildings.Although the emergence of prefabrication techniques in western countries can be traced back to the 17 th century,the starting point for countries to really apply them to the field of architecture and vigorously develop it is the middle of the last century.Therefore,in the research process,the subject mainly focuses on the research and analysis of prefabricated concrete building technology systems in various stages from the 1940 s to the present period in order to achieve the following objectives.First,to clarify the problems faced by foreign prefabricated building system in the stage of development and reformation,and the solutions and technical points adopted.Second,to explore the inheritance relationship between the prefabricated building system in the last century and the current system in China,and summarize and analyze the remaining problems and other technical hidden dangers in the current system.Third,to put forward the development strategies of prefabricated buildings and technical systems in China basing on the past experience.Among the existing research results on the development of prefabricated buildings,most of them take the time axis as the clue to carry out the vertical research from a macro perspective,or simply focus on the current stage,weakening the influence of historical factors.Even in a few horizontal research topics,they are mainly focused on the comparison of policies,regulations,standards and materials systems of various countries,rarely made a systematic analysis on prefabricated buildings.It is hoped that the research content of this paper will have a certain positive significance for the promotion of the technical aspects of the prefabricated buildings in China.