Study On The Development Tendency,Landscape Planning And Design Characteristic Of Botanic Gardens In The United States Of America

The modern botanical garden has a history of more than 400 years.After the 1960s,because of the progress of environmental science and the further understanding of biodiversity crisis,the construction and development of botanical gardens became more and more urgent and important.The American botanic garden has a short history,but it has already occupied a pivotal position in the international related fields.It is of great significance for the construction of botanical gardens in China.There are few systematic studies on the development process and planning and design of American botanical gardens from regional perspectiveThis paper is mainly divided into three parts,which are the vein of American botanical garden,the objective summary of the development status and the systematic analysis of planning and design characteristicsOn the basis of the research on literature collection,and search and screening of the international union of conservation of botanical garden(BGCI)certification of botanical gardens in the United States,in time for the shaft drawing number variation and the cause of the differences of produce,its development course divided into "incubation period","forming period","boom" and "precipitation period" four stages.The typical botanical garden construction in each stage is summarized,and the development of American botanical garden shows the trend of multiple and complex evolutionWe searched the BGCI members in American botanic gardens,and finally selected 77 botanic gardens as the key research objects from the fourth chapter,taking into account the inclusion of plant types,affiliation,natural environment,construction time,size,specialty and social influence and other conditions.To explore the distribution characteristics and change rules of its natural and human geographical divisions,analyze the current situation of its ownership area and functional services,and summarize the main characteristics of the current American botanical gardenThe author makes a field study of the excellent examples in the American botanical garden.Furthermore,through quantitative and qualitative analysis,the integration relationship between botanical garden and urban space is analyzed from the perspectives of layout relevance,traffic accessibility and functional connectivity.Summed up the circle protection type,landscape space type,cultural collection type and compound blend type of spatial layout;In the aspect of landscape expression,it has the obvious characteristics of regional cultural display,artistic expression and humanized space construction.The evolution process of classification was summarized and 8 main types were summarized.Finally,the characteristics of American botanical garden planning and design are summarized to provide reference for the development,construction and planning and design of the botanical garden,which has certain theoretical and practical significance.