The Relationship Between Residents’ Audio-visual Perception And Visiting Experience Under Different Urban Landscape Types

With the rapid development of urbanization and the continuous improvement of residents’living standards,people are increasingly looking forward to a better visiting experience in landscape.When people perceive landscape,they use a variety of senses,among which visual and auditory perception are the most important.Therefore,the current development trend of landscape architecture academia is gradually shifting from only focusing on visual aesthetics to auditory or other perception,so as to create a landscape that is more in line with the needs of visitors’multi-sensory experience and more participatory sense.In order to understand the characteristics of people’s audio-visual perception more accurately and its relationship with the visiting experience in urban landscape,this study was conducted in 10 sample plots from 6 urban parks in Xi’an,Shaanxi Province,which were classified into gray space,blue space,open green space,partly open/closed green space and closed green space.Through the on-site questionnaire survey and instrument measurement,2034 residents’information of overall audio and visual perception,typical sound sources audio and visual perception,physical environment perception,visiting experience perception and physical data of objective environment were collected.The typical sound sources perception involved 22 kinds of sound sources,which were divided into four categories,respectively,natural sound（birds sound,insects sound,barking,leaves rustling,wind sound,water sound,duck sound）,human sound（speech sound,children play sound,footsteps）,musical sound（live music,square dance sound,instruments sound,singing sound）and mechanical sound（diabolo sound,bicycle sound,engine sound,motorcycle sound,car sound,construction sound,weeding machine sound,subway sound）.The data was imported into SPSS 23.0 for statistical analysis.This study investigated the audio-visual perception characteristics of residents under different landscape types and explored the key factors affecting the overall visiting experience.The results showed that:1.The physical attributes of the objective environment of the sample plots were as follows:in terms of visual attributes,the hard area of the gray space was more than 90%,and the water area of the blue space was more than 90%.In terms of the density of trees and shrubs,the open green space was less than 10%,the partly open/closed green space was between 10%and 70%,and the closed green space was more than 70%.In terms of acoustic properties(L_Aeq,L_A10,L_A50,L_A90),the values of gray space,blue space and closed green space were higher.In terms of physical environment attributes,the solar radiation and wind speed of gray space,blue space and open green space were relatively high.The temperature of open green space,partly open/closed green space was relatively high.Blue space and partly open/closed green space had higher relative humidity.2.Different landscape types had a great impact on residents’overall visual satisfaction,soundscape satisfaction and audio-visual coordination degree.From high to low,the visual satisfaction of each landscape type was:blue space,partly open/closed green space,open green space,closed green space and gray space.The soundscape satisfaction was:partly open/closed green space,blue space,open green space,closed green space and gray space.The audio-visual coordination degree was:partly open/closed green space,blue space,closed green space,open green space and gray space.Visual satisfaction,soundscape satisfaction and audio-visual coordination degree all had significant positive correlation under different landscape types,among which soundscape satisfaction and audio-visual coordination degree had the highest correlation.3.The audio-visual perception characteristics of typical sound sources were easily affected by the difference of landscape types,especially the perceived occurrence.Human sound was easy to perceive and see its source,especially speech sound,but people had a moderate degree of preference for human sound.Among the five landscape types,the perceived loudness of musical sound was the highest,and other musical sound sources were more popular except square dance sound.Natural sound was the most preferred sound,but the perceived loudness of natural sound was low and the source was not easy to see.In addition to the diabolo sound,the mechanical sound was least preferred by people,and the perceived occurrence was low except in open green space.The visibility of typical sound sources was significantly correlated with perceived occurrence,perceived loudness,and perceived preference,and most of them were positively correlated.Only the visibility of insects sound was negatively correlated with perceived preference in blue space,and this correlation varied with different landscape types.4.Under different landscape types,in terms of overall audio-visual perception,visual satisfaction,soundscape satisfaction and audio-visual coordination degree all had significant positive correlation with visiting satisfaction,among which visual satisfaction had the strongest correlation.In terms of typical sound soures perception,the audio-visual perception of typical sound sources was correlated with the visiting satisfaction.The natural sound was beneficial to improve the visiting satisfaction.In gray space,the negative effects of singing sound,motorcycles sound and cars sound on tourists’experience should be noticed.In blue space,attention should be paid to the adverse effects of the cars sound,square dancing sound and engines sound on the visiting experience.In open green space,the musical sound was conducive to visiting experience,but at the same time,the negative impact of subway sound should be noticed.In partly open/closed green space,attention should be paid to controlling the loudness of speech and bicycle sound.In closed green space,visiting satisfaction was easily affected by mechanical sound and square dance sound,and the visibility of sound source was more likely to affect visiting experience.In terms of physical environmental perception,air quality perception in different landscape types had a significant positive correlation with visiting satisfaction,and the effect of air quality in blue space was the largest,while the effect of air quality in open green space was the least.5.Stepwise linear regression model was established for overall audio and visual perception,typical sound sources audio and visual perception,physical environment perception and visiting satisfaction in the five kinds of landscape types,which indicated that the greatest influence on visiting satisfaction factors were overall audio and visual perception,followed by physical environment perception of air quality,and typical sound sources perceived occurrence and preference.The above research results were expected to provide some theoretical basis and guidance for the future landscape planning and design of audio-visual integration,and to build a better audio-visual environment for urban residents and further improve the visiting experience.