Research On The Promotion Design Of Outdoor Physical Activities In Kindergartens From The Perspective Of Microclimate

Outdoor physical activities for young children have an important impact on the development of their psychological and physiological health and behavior.However,the microclimatic environment around high-rise buildings is complex,and an uncomfortable microclimatic environment will reduce children’s opportunities and interest in using the outdoor activity space in kindergartens,weaken children’s physical activity intensity,and fail to promote children’s social interaction.A good microclimate is an urgent need for kindergartens in high-rise,high-density environments.At present,there is a lack of domestic and international research on the impact of microclimate on children’s outdoor activities,and little research on thermal comfort has been conducted on the children’s group.It is of positive significance to explore the relationship between microclimate and children’s activities in kindergarten outdoor space in high-rise high-density environments to promote children’s physical activities and create a comfortable kindergarten outdoor microclimate.Nine kindergartens were selected as case samples for this study in Qingdao,which has a maritime monsoon climate.The four microclimatic elements of temperature,humidity,wind speed and ultraviolet radiation intensity were monitored in real time,and the physical activity of children in the kindergarten outdoor activity space was investigated through interviews,behavioral maps,microclimatic measurements and video recordings,etc.Based on the relevant theories and field research,the microclimatic and physical activity of children in kindergarten outdoor spaces were studied,and the design strategy of kindergarten outdoor activity space was explored from a microclimatic perspective.The main tasks of this paper are as follows:(1)Interviews with kindergarten teachers and mapping of the master plan of the sample kindergartens to establish the distribution of activity spaces and to classify the outdoor spaces by the children’s activity behaviors as space for sports,equipment activities,play activities,perception and communication,and for traffic evacuation,laying the groundwork for the subsequent measurements and analysis.(2)Behavioral maps were created for children’s outdoor activities based on environmental behavioral studies.The distribution of children’s behaviors and items,interaction patterns and activity duration in outdoor activities was obtained.(3)The microclimate of outdoor activity spaces in nine kindergartens was monitored in the field and the microclimate data were analyzed.The results showed that microclimatic factors such as air temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and ultraviolet radiation intensity influenced children’s physical activity in the kindergarten outdoor spaces.(4)Based on the above results,this paper approaches the issue from a microclimatic perspective and proposes strategies to optimize the design of outdoor activity spaces in kindergartens in terms of both the built environment and the perceived environment.(5)The optimization methods and strategies summarized in the above research are applied to a practical project in which I participated,namely,the Licang District Government Kindergarten Outdoor Activity Space Optimization and Improvement Design Project.Through the actual case studies,the design principles and strategies of outdoor activity spaces in kindergartens in Qingdao’s high-density high-rise environment are further defined to provide a reference for future research.