Experimental Study On Evacuation Behavior Of Stairs And Simulation Of Cellular Automata

As a vertical evacuation facility in high-rise buildings,stairs have a crucial impact on the evacuation efficiency in emergency evacuation.Due to the limited width of the staircase area,there will be vertical height difference and people queuing during evacuation.If the predecessors fall down,it is easy to cause group stampede,causing serious casualties.Therefore,the research on evacuation behavior,movement speed and walking law of stair area can provide guidance suggestions for architectural design optimization and evacuation plan,and effectively reduce casualties in emergency.At present,the research on evacuation velocity in stairway area is mainly based on m/s,but rarely on m/s.When steps/s is taken as the unit,data conversion is needed,which will produce certain errors.The application of empirical formula in the simulation model will make the evacuation time inaccurate.Secondly,the research of the simulation model in the stair area rarely distinguishes the platform and the stair area,and the walking rules of the whole area of the stairs are consistent,which leads to the difference between the research of the stair area and the reality,and the walking rules of the evacuation personnel are not flexible enough.In order to solve the above problems,this paper first carried out observation experiments,carried out data statistical analysis and observed the typical behavior characteristics of evacuees.97% of the people walk in a straight line in the step area.When the speed is in steps / s for data statistics,the evacuation speed is little affected by the density,and the average value is 2 steps / s.Secondly,the concept of hybrid grid is proposed to realize the distinction between stair landing and step area,and the triangle grid is selected in the platform area to set the shortest path walking rules.In the step stage,the quadrilateral grid is selected to improve its size on the y-axis,so that its size is set according to the width of the stair step,which is convenient to realize the speed.The number of steps is taken as the basic parameter to set the formula,and the quadrilateral grid is given the rule of straight-line walking.The algorithm is optimized on the basis of circular queue,so as to reduce the waste of space and improve the efficiency.Finally,on Linux system,the evacuation software is developed by using C + +language and QT graphics library.By comparing the simulation results of the actual scene with those of the triangle cellular grid and Pathfinder,it can be seen that the application of the hybrid grid simulation model in the stair area is closer to the reality,runs faster,and can give the evacuation simulation scheme in real time,which is more conducive to the practical application.Compared with the experimental results,the simulation results are close to the experimental results.There are 61 figures,7 tables and 86 references in this paper.