A Study On The Spatial Features And Evolution Mechanism Of Bayu Rural Settlements

The spatial form of rural settlements is the external representation of the long-term accumulation of the natural environment and historical culture of the region,and it is also an important carrier of traditional culture and rural memories.During the traditional farming period,rural settlements under the small peasant economy model depended on land resources and maintained their local characteristics.They maintained their social relations with clan and culture as the link;since the second half of the twentieth century,in industrialization,urbanization,and globalization Driven by urbanization,the economic structure and social culture of rural settlements have undergone tremendous changes,and rural spaces have evolved and reconstructed accordingly.At the same time,there have also been problems such as waste of land,scattered construction,declining characteristics,and thunderous forms.Therefore,studying the spatial characteristics of rural settlements,analyzing the evolutionary laws and mechanisms,and then refining spatial models that adapt to the natural,social,and economic conditions of the region can provide theoretical guidance for rural planning and construction in accordance with local conditions.Taking Bayu as an example,this article selects famous historical and cultural villages and typical villages during the industrialization period as samples.Based on land use survey and field survey data,morphological and typological methods are used,combined with GIS spatial analysis and measurement statistics,from functional organization and land use layout.Texture form and building type are analyzed on four levels.Through surveys,summarize the spatial characteristics and evolution of rural settlements during the traditional farming period and industrialization period;analyze their influencing factors from the geographical environment,society,and economy;select typical examples and analyze the mechanism of their generation and reconstruction;finally refine Adapt to the spatial pattern of regional natural,economic and social conditions,analyze its diversified forms of expression,and construct a map to explore the enlightenment for the current village construction.Studies have shown that in the agricultural era,the spatial formation of rural settlements in Bayu is relatively spontaneous,mainly farming,transportation,and defensive settlements;the land layout is dominated by agglomeration,grouping,and decentralization;it forms compact,centripetal,and defensive settlements.Discrete and linear texture patterns,flexible and free space;the building units are in the shape of a font,a curved ruler,a triple courtyard and a quadrangular courtyard,preferably facing a certain deflection angle to the south;the natural environment and cultural habits are the dominant elements in the traditional period.During the industrialization period,rural settlements became more diversified in terms of functions,with industrial and tourist types appearing;the basic form of land use remained unchanged,and the scale and agglomeration areas changed;the texture form appeared on the basis of determinant layout,spatial dehierarchy and compactness The degree is reduced;the building units are mainly singlecharacter and simple courtyard farm houses and unit houses;on the basis of environmental conditions,the influence of technology,economy,and related policies and systems has increased.On the whole,the functional structure of rural settlements in Bayu is rich and diverse,and they have gone through the evolution process of "survival-led-economic development-led-ecological sustainable development".The pattern of landscapes,forests,and farmland has changed from farm houses to relative separation-organic integration;land use The layout as a whole is characterized by large-scale dispersion and smallaggregation,expanding in three modes of enclave,marginal,and infilling,showing the transformation from arable land orientation to traffic orientation;the texture form is transformed from the regional environment and clan culture orientation to society Economic and planning oriented;the single building has changed from diversified to regularized and unitary.On this basis,the model of regional adaptability of rural construction in Bayu area is summarized: the basic function types are formed under the dominant resources of the village itself,and the spatial location and function integration are carried out in accordance with nature;and the clusters are determined by farming radius,transportation and terrain.Group or scattered land layout forms,forming a compact,centripetal,discrete,linear or determinant texture;according to the road level and layout,the public space is integrated and has a sense of hierarchy;the building is determined by the way of farmers’ livelihoods.The form is adapted to the terrain through traditional construction techniques such as lifting,platform building,and overhead construction.Based on the law of evolution and regional spatial patterns,explore the specific natural,economic,and social conditions of each region to explore rural settlements that not only meet modern needs but also continue the regional context.