Research On Optimization Model Of Expressway Toll Rate Based On Bi-level Programming

With the rapid development of society and economy,the speed of highway construction in our country is getting faster and faster,and a convenient and fast highway network has gradually formed.The formation of the expressway network has accelerated the exchanges between various regions and promoted the economic development between various regions.However,with the continuous increase in traffic volume,the development and operation of expressways are also facing many difficulties and challenges.Operation,management and maintenance costs and environmental governance costs continue to rise,the distribution of traffic flows on roads is uneven,and congestion in some areas is becoming more and more serious,and the resource benefits of the entire road network cannot be fully utilized.Therefore,in view of the limitations of the current expressway toll pricing process based on the limitation of loan repayment,how to determine a scientific and effective expressway toll rate is particularly important,which can effectively make up for the operation,management and maintenance cost of the expressway and environmental governance.Costs can guide people’s travel through adjustment of rates,rationally distribute traffic flows,and give full play to the resource benefits of the entire road network.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:This article analyzes and summarizes the influencing factors,principles and methods of formulating highway toll rates in my country.Based on the theoretical framework of transportation economics and traffic behavior of price,supply,and demand,a two-level plan is constructed.The optimization model of expressway toll rates.The upper-level model combines the concepts of sustainable development and green development,including highway maintenance costs,environmental management costs,and other expenses into operating costs,and constructs a revenue function that maximizes the benefits of highway tolls;the lower-level model affects road users’ travel behavior Carry out analysis,fully consider the interests of road users,convert the generalized cost function of road users into road impedance,construct a random allocation function with minimum travel impedance,and use time-based differentiated toll rates to change the traveler’s Travel costs,through the change of travel costs to affect the path choice of road travelers,reasonable allocation of traffic flow,and according to the characteristics of the model using genetic algorithm to solve the model.In order to further verify the rationality and effectiveness of the highway toll rate optimization model based on two-level programming proposed in this paper,this paper takes the H highway in Hunan Province as the research object and conducts an empirical analysis.This paper first analyzes the traffic flow characteristics of H Expressway from the three indicators of road saturation,average driving speed and traffic density based on the historical data of the expressway.The results show that the expressway is suitable for adopting the expressway toll rate optimization model proposed in this paper..Then the relevant parameters of the highway toll rate optimization model are calibrated to solve the model.The research results show that:(1)Compared with the previous highway toll rates,the highway toll rate optimization model proposed in this paper can effectively Make up for the cost of operation,management and maintenance and environmental governance in the process of expressway operation and management,and increase the profitable income of expressways.(2)The highway toll rate optimization model constructed in this paper can adjust the reasonable distribution of traffic flow on the road network,make full use of the road network resources,improve the service level of the expressway,reduce the congestion of the expressway,and improve the expressway Traffic efficiency.