A Study On The Architecture Of Fort-bayard,kouang-tchéou-wan

" Kouang-Tchéou-Wan ",the predecessor of Zhanjiang,Guangdong Province,is located in the south of Lingnan and the east of Beibu Gulf.It was leased to France from1899 to 1945 and belonged to French Indochina.Fort-bayard was developed on the original site of the Qing court’s military defense fortress Haitou Fort.It was a French military base in the early days of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan and became the capital of KouangTchéou-Wan since 1910.This article takes the architecture of Fort-bayard as the research object,focusing on the construction of the three forces of the French Army,the Civil Administration of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan,and the church in Fort-bayard.In recent years,the excavation of French historical materials has provided new conditions for Kouang-Tchéou-Wan related research.There have been new achievements in the field of urban planning history,but architectural research has not yet become a system.Existing studies have focused on important cases such as the ―The Former French Chief Administrator’s Bureau in Kouang-Tchéou-Wan‖,focusing on the description of the current situation of the building,while the relationship between architecture and planning,the historical evolution of the building community,architectural design logic,and architectural technology are relatively lacking in previous studies;Moreover,the large number of barracks that were constructed in the early days of the military district of Fortbayard have not been discussed in detail.According to the author’s textual research,there are twelve Western architectural remains in the original Fort-bayard,of which the construction time and building naming of nine buildings are in doubt,including the major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level " The Former French Chief Administrator’s Bureau and the Former French Army Command of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan ".This article combines French historical materials,historical maps,old architectural images,and site surveys to verify the location,construction year,and original functions of existing and extinct buildings.From a diachronic perspective,the building is placed in the context of urban spatial evolution.To conduct research.The thesis points out that the spatial evolution of Fort-bayard reflects the identity characteristics of " leased territory ".The change from the military system to the civil administration system is a dynamic historical process,which constitutes the uniqueness of its urban space.The early establishment of the French army in Fort-bayard was based on the ranks and arms levels in the military system;in the capital period,the redistribution of the land in Fort-bayard by the civil authorities followed the original spatial hierarchy,while the urban functions and public space gradually improved.At the architectural level,the thesis clarifies the basic information of several Baiyate buildings,and discusses their location,orientation,style,decoration and materials,etc.,which reveal the main ideology of the construction.The early barracks building complex was constructed around 1902,presenting more unified design techniques such as continuous voucher corridors and roof styles,while the building volume,voucher hole size and modulus reflected the differences in the status of users.In the construction of the new capital,most of the original barracks buildings have been used.In the new construction,the two buildings now named as ―The Former French Chief Administrator’s Bureau and the Former French Army Command of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan‖were built as the ―Bungalow‖ in 1913 and the Chief Administrator’s Residence in 1921 in neoclassical style;the delicate relationship between the church and the military and civil authorities is dependent and relatively independent,which is reflected in the two church buildings of Catholicism and Protestantism.The external environment and the internal religious spirit are shaped together.From the research on the architecture of Fort-bayard,Kouang-Tchéou-Wan,one can glimpse a section of the history of cultural exchanges between China,France,and Vietnam.It can also provide a reference for the value judgment and protection and utilization of various architectural remains.