Study On The Morphology Of Settlements In The Lower Reaches Of The Han River Under The Background Of Water Conservancy Society

Since ancient times,water conservancy has been the focus of the national and local governments at all levels.The lower reaches of the Han River is located in the north of the center of Jianghan Plain.It was an important economic development area in the past.Since the Ming Dynasty,the area is featured with abundant rainfall,dense rivers and lakes,lowlying terrain,and that floods often hit here.Meanwhile,with the rapid development of local economy and the rapid increase in the population,it is necessary to solve the problems in flood control and drainage for developing high-standard agriculture here.The water conservancy is the core of the economic development in Jianghan Plain.Historically,the lower reaches of the Han River,located at the intersection of the Han River and the Yangtze River,was one of the areas with the most serious flood problems in the Jianghan Plain.In this area,it was no way to solve the local flood problems by a simple construction of water conservancy projects in the past,which led to a lot of social contradictions.The social structure with the water conservancy as the core had become the main form of the local society,thus forming a typical "Water Conservancy Society".This paper studies and explores the settlement form of Jianghan Plain from the perspective of the Water Conservancy Society,and explains,from the perspective of history and sociology,some phenomena of settlement in Jianghan Plain.This paper first combs the origin and research process of the concept of "Water Conservancy Society".In view of how to study the settlement form under the background of water conservancy society,this paper emphasizes that "Water Conservancy-Society-Settlement" is studied as a whole,which is indispensable in the system.In Chapter 2,this paper reviews the historical background(from the evolution of rivers to the construction of river levees,from official management to folk management,from clan society to Water Conservancy Society)of the formation of the Water Conservancy Society in Niutizhi River Basin in the lower reaches of the Han River.The chapters 3,4 and 5 are the core of this paper.The Chapter 3 is mainly about an introdution of the present situation of the settlements adapting to the flood environment.From the water conservancy community,water conservancy clan and water conservancy family,this paper makes a preliminary analysis of how local settlements adapted to the floods respectively from the embankment pattern,clan activity pattern and residential pattern.The Chapter 4 mainly offers an introduction of the local villages’ active evolution into their own forms in response to the flood,a decomposition of the behavior of "Raise the Platform" for building the settlements into two kinds,i.e."Water Prevention Based Settlements" mainly featured with the Raised Platform and "Water Drainage Based Settlements" mainly featured with the ditched ponds,and an analysis of the correlation of the local settlements with the water systems and the water conservancy facilities.The Chapter 5 mainly explains the local belief in the water conservancy,and,thinks about the place spirit implied in the local settlement space,from the object of the local belief in the water conservancy to the construction of the local "Water Temple",from the type of "Water Temple" to its influence on the settlements,and from the water conservancy custom level.From the external perspective,through the analysis of the system of water conservancy-society-settlement,this paper explores the settlement construction culture in Jianghan Plain,summarizes the connotation of settlement culture in Jianghan Plain,and puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the research on the historical settlement in Jianghan Plain and the rural construction in modern Jianghan Plain.