| The theories and methods of creating natural wild plant landscapes have been constantly improved,and people’s interest in spontaneous plants has become more and more intense.In this paper,the self-produced herbaceous plants appearing in 21 roads with a length of 63 kilometers from east to west in Nanjing and 26 roads with a length of about 106 kilometers in south-north direction are taken as research objects.A comprehensive survey of spring and autumn and a survey of community samples are carried out.A total of 233 species of 210 genera and 79 families were found in the study.Based on the census data,the species composition,propagation mode,phenotypic structure and invasiveness of the spontaneous plant in road green space in Nanjing were analyzed in detail,including the composition,propagation mode,life-type composition and growth-type composition,invasion and non-invasion.And further discuss the influence of socio-economic factors including GDP,population density and POI density on the spontaneous plant composition,including the mode of propagation,life-type composition,growth-type composition,invasion and non-invasion.Based on the sample data of autistic communities in autumn,compare the impact of habitat management degree on the species composition of spontaneous plants;obtain the growth conditions of spontaneous plant based on survey data of the samples,and combine spontaneous plant strategies to recommend spontaneous plant with different underlying surface and rural gradients to create landscape.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The impact of urbanization level on the composition of spontaneous plant.Seed dispersal methods:The number of various transmission species in the suburbs of the city is significantly(very significantly)higher than that in the main urban area.The average number of wind-transmitted plant species per sample(14.40±1.00)in the suburban area is significantly higher than that in the new urban area(10.47±0.77).Life type:The average number of woody plant species per section(5.73±0.52)in the main urban area is significantly lower than that in the new urban area(7.67±0.55),and the number of various life-type species in the suburbs is significantly(very significantly)higher than that in the main urban area.Among them,the number of chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes in perennial herbaceous plants is significantly higher in the suburbs of the city than in the main urban area;the number of species of perennial herb(15.20±0.89)and annual plants(18.60± 1.68)in the suburb is significantly higher than that of the new urban(9.53± 0.97)and annual(14.27±1.18),among perennial herb plants which the chamaephytes,hemicryptophytes and summer annual plants are significantly higher than those in the new urban area.Growth type:the number of dwarf/high growth plant species in the suburbs of the city is significantly(very significantly)higher than that in the main urban area,of which tussock form,the partial-rosette form and the pseudo-rosette form are significantly higher in the suburban area.The number of dwarf/high growth plant species in the suburbs of the city is significantly(very significantly)higher than that in the new urban area,among which the tussock form、the procumbent form and partial-rosette form in the suburban area are significantly higher than the new area.Invasion:The number of invasive and non-invasive plant species in suburban areas is significantly(very significantly)higher than in the main urban area,and the number of non-invasive plant species in suburban areas is significantly higher than that in the new urban area.(2)The impact of habitat management on the composition of spontaneous plants.Seed dispersal methods:For animal-transmitted plants,the average number of species in each sample is significantly higher than that of man-managed samples.For unassisted transmission plants,in unmanaged samples the proportion of the average number of each sample is significantly lower than that of the managed sample.Life type:For perennial herbs,the unmanaged plots are significantly lower than the managed plots,and the number of chamaephytes in the unmanaged plots is significantly lower than that in the managed plots habitat.For annuals:The proportion of herbaceous plants in the unmanned quadrats is significantly higher than that of the managed quadrats,and the annual proportion of summer annual plants in the unmanned quadrats is significantly higher than that of the managed quadrats.Growth type:Dwarf/high growth type has no significant difference in different habitats.Invasion:For invasive plants,the proportion of the average number of each sample in the unmanaged sample is significantly lower than that in the managed sample;for non-invasive plants,the average of each sample in the unmanaged sample.The number of parties is significantly higher than the number of managed samples.(3)With the increase of GDP,population density(POP),point of interest density(POI),the total number of species,the number of animal transmission,wind transmission,unassisted transmission,woody,perennial,annual,high growth type,dwarf growth species,invasive plants and non-invasive plants all showed a decreasing trend,most of which had the highest R2 by exponential function regression fitting.Among them,GDP is 5000 Ten thousand yuan per square kilometer.(4)Based on the planting design model,ecological theory,diffusion mechanism and combination selection principle of the herbaceous plant community,put forward the planting model of the landscape plant community of road green land with different types of underlying surfaces in different urban areas to achieve reasonable construction The spatial effect of spontaneous plant community.This paper focuses on the impact of social economy on plant diversity patterns on urban and rural gradients and road landscape construction strategies,and points out the impact of urbanization on plant diversity to provide reference for landscape construction. 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