| Spontaneous plant community plays a more and more important role in the construction of ecological city and the construction of urban natural landscape with its obvious advantages of low maintenance and long period.The investigation and study of urban spontaneous plants can provide more natural and ecological plant materials for the construction of urbanization.In this study,74 main urban roads were selected in the north of Wuhu City(north of Qingyi River and east of Yangtze River,including Jinghu District and Jiujiang District,occasionally involving Yijiang District)(see Table 1),of which 46 roads span about 19 kilometers from east to west and 28 roads span about 21 kilometers from south to north,covering an urban area of about 207.3 square kilometers.A total of 255 standard sections and 876 sampling sites(10m×n,0.1m≤n≤15m in size)were obtained,and485 species of road green plants(sum of cultivated plants and spontaneous plants,see Table2)belonging to 330 genera and 106 families were found.Based on the survey data,the plant species composition,propagation mode,ecotype composition,species composition at different levels and invasiveness of road green space in the north of Wuhu City were analyzed in detail,including family and genus composition,frequency classification,life style,growth type composition,propagation type composition,species composition at different levels of arbor,shrub and grass,etc.The differences of plant species diversity in road green space under different influencing factors were discussed,including suburban gradient,conservation management level and habitat type.Further study on the evaluation of spontaneous plant landscape of road green space with different maintenance grades under the influence of social and economic factors,and discuss the construction strategy of new urban road green space landscape with the combination of cultivated plants and spontaneous plants,which is generally accepted by the public.According to different maintenance grade roads and different greening forms,different management and maintenance strategies are put forward;According to different groups of people,combined with the questionnaire survey results,put forward different guidance suggestions.Finally,combined with the ornamental character composition of cultivated plants and spontaneous plants,and the actual survey data,the suitable plants were screened,and specific planting templates were given.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Characteristics of plant composition in road green space(1)Cultivated plantsA total of 127 species of cultivated plant resources belonging to 54 families and 91 genera were recorded in Wuhu city in autumn.There were 1912 occurrences,The most frequent plants were Liriope spicata 241 times(12.6%),Cinnamomum camphora 211 times(11.0%),Photinia×fraser 165 times(8.6%)Loropetalum chinense 113 times(5.9%)and Pittosporum tobira 101 times(5.2%).There are 105 species of trees and shrubs(including 2kinds of bamboo plants),accounting for 82.68% of the total species.Among the cultivated herbs,there are 18 kinds of perennial herbs,accounting for 14.17% of the total species;There are 4 species of biennial herbs,accounting for 3.15% of the total species.There are14 species of short growth type and 6 species of high growth type,accounting for 11.02%and 4.72% of the total species respectively,and 2 species of compound type,accounting for1.57% of the total species.Woody plants are all trees and shrubs,accounting for 82.68% of the total species.Seeds are mainly spread by a single way,but few by multiple ways.Among the single modes of transmission,animal transmission and unassisted transmission accounted for the largest proportion.There is almost no difference in the species richness of cultivated plants in the standard section of road green space in the main city,the suburbs and the outer suburbs.(2)Spontaneous plantsA total of 404 species of spontaneous plants(including invasive plants)belonging to91 families and 284 genera were recorded in Wuhu city in autumn.There were 7334 occurrences,The most frequent plants were Oxalis pes-caprae 313 times(4.2%),Erigeron acris 304 times(4.1%),Morus alba 299 times(4.0%),Setaria viridis 264 times(3.5%),Euphorbia thymifolia 248 times(3.3%),Veronica politafies 215 times(2.9%),Mazus miquelii 212 times(2.8)Koelreuteria paniculata 212 times(2.8%),Acalypha australis 205times(2.7%),etc.Among them,there are 55 invasive plants belonging to 22 families and48 genera.There are 147 species of perennial herbs,accounting for 36.39% of the total species.There are 168 species of biennial herbs,accounting for 41.58% of the total species,and 89 species of trees and shrubs(including 1 species of bamboo),accounting for 22.03%of the total species.There are 72 species of short growth type and 70 species of high growth type of biennial herbs,accounting for 17.82% and 17.33% of the total species respectively.Single mode of communication is the main mode,and multiple modes of communication are few.Among the top 20 high-frequency common species of spontaneous herbaceous plants,the ranking of niche breadth is consistent with that of the highest-frequency species,and the main niche and dominant resources are occupied by the high-growth type.The species diversity of spontaneous plants in roads,tree pools and main urban areas with strong maintenance level is less.(2)The public’s acceptance and evaluation of road spontaneous plants landscapeThe vast majority of respondents(78.31%)prefer orderly and neatly trimmed greening,but some(21.69%)prefer disorderly and spontaneous greening.The most respondents(39.15%)think that the most critical factor of urban road green space is road safety,while7.17% still think that the most critical factor is management and conservation economy.Most respondents(64.34%)like roads with strong maintenance management best,while those with low maintenance management least(3.86%).There are still 11.40% respondents who like roads without maintenance management best.Most respondents(54.60%)like cultivated plants best,while 20.22% still like spontaneous plants best.The most respondents(54.23%)like the greening form of "arbor+cultivated plants" best,while15.63% still like the spontaneous plant landscape best.The vast majority(76.65%)of respondents can accept the spontaneous landscape of roads around urban residential areas,most(60.48%)can accept the leaves of spontaneous plants,more than half(56.62%)can accept the flowers of spontaneous plants,and more than half(52.94%)can accept the spontaneous landscape of roads around urban development zones,while for urban suburban roads(33.94%)Different respondents have different preferences for different grades of roads,different maintenance and management intensity of road green space landscape,and different acceptance of spontaneous plant landscape of road green space under different scales.On the basis of chi-square test,the following core independent variables are selected:education level,occupation,monthly income,age,professional background and activity duration of different public roads,which have a significant impact on people’s acceptance.(3)Construction,management and maintenance strategiesFor roads with different maintenance grades,different maintenance intensity and methods should be adopted instead of adopting the model management of "copying mechanically".It is suggested that medium maintenance intensity can be adopted on roads with higher grades;On roads with lower grades,low maintenance strength can be adopted.According to different road greening forms,the ornamental characteristics of spontaneous plants can be reasonably utilized.Most respondents dislike the landscape without plants.In different road greening,it is suggested to minimize the pure hard landscape,and keep some self-growing plants with good ornamental effect,such as Oxalis rubra and Trifolium repens.Different interviewees have some differences in their acceptance of spontaneous plants in different road greenbelts.At present,the interviewees have a certain degree of acceptance of spontaneous plants and the landscape of road plants integrated with spontaneous plants.According to the different needs of different groups of people,different guidance methods are adopted. |
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