Research On Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Urban Rail Transit Passenger Flow Based On Travel Path

With its advantages of high efficiency,punctuality and environmental protection,Urban Rail Transit(Urt)is playing an important role in the era of urbanization.As the most important service object of the Rail Transit Network,passengers pursuit high travel efficiency,convenience and comfort.In order to provide passengers with a better travel experience,it is necessary to master passengers’ travel characteristics.The temporal and spatial distribution of passenger flow,which can reveal the travel characteristics of passengers and reflect the operation status of rail transit network,is an important basis for the adjustment and optimization of train operation organization scheme.Mastering the temporal and spatial distribution of passenger flow is helpful for managers to make operation scheduling decisions.The train timetable records in detail the arrival time and departure time of trains passing through each station.Therefore,this paper uses AFC data and train timetable to calculate the passenger’s travel route and infer the train number to get the time when the passenger passes each station.Moreover,the path result will be extrapolated to the whole network to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of passenger flow in urban rail transit.The main work and achievements are as follows:(1)According to the characteristics of Rail Transit Network,an improved K short path search algorithm is selected to search the physical path of passengers.The K short path search on the station is transformed into the search on the line.And based on the three factors of the location relationship between the lines at the origin-destination(OD)point,whether the OD point is transfer stations and the number of transfer stations on the lines,the OD is classified to select the OD which can be searched by the shortest path to reduce the amount of searching.Combining smart card data and train timetable data,the physical paths are screened according to the travel time threshold,and the dynamic time constraints are proposed to constrain the passengers’ entry time,exit time and transfer time to search the passenger’s spatial-temporal path.(2)The passenger itineraries are classified according to the three indicators of whether there are trains,the number of trains,and transfer times,taking into account the operation of the Rail Transit Network and the passenger travel habits,the matching rules are set for different types of itineraries,and the no-train condition is modified to match all passengers to the corresponding train.The proposed algorithm is verified in Nanjing rail transit with the AFC data and train timetable data provided by Nanjing Metro Corporation.(3)Based on the spatial-temporal path of individual passengers,the passenger flow of the whole network is calculated from three angles of transfer station,line and section,and its spatial-temporal distribution characteristics are explored.The results show that in the time dimension,the transfer passenger flow on weekdays is larger than that on weekends,and the transfer passenger flow on Friday is the largest and the transfer passenger flow on Sunday is the smallest.During working days,the transfer passenger flow shows an obvious morning and evening peak,and the morning peak is larger than the evening peak.During the peak period,there is an obvious peak in the passenger flow curve of 10 minutes interval,and the morning peak occurs between 8:10 and 8:20,the evening peak occurs between 17:50 and 18:10.In the spatial dimension,the transfer passenger flow of Daxinggong,Xinjiekou and Nanjingnan station is relatively large,and the transfer passenger flow distribution shows the characteristics of disequilibrium.The tidal passenger flow of Daxinggong station and Nanjingnan station is remarkable.Line 1,line 2 and line 3 are responsible for the main passenger traffic,and the top 10 sections of passenger flow are located on these three lines whose passenger flow shows tidal phenomena.The most obvious tidal area of line 3 is Tianruncheng-Daxinggong in the north of the line,and the most obvious tidal area of line 2 is the section of Xiaolingwei-Jiqingmen street in the middle of the line.Except for some sections in the south of line 1,the passenger flow in other sections of line 1 has obvious tidal phenomenon.