Research On The Evolution Of Norwegian Renewable Energy Policy From The Perspective Of Energy Security（1992-2020）

As an exporter of oil and natural gas,Norway has achieved full coverage of national electricity use by hydropower generation,which seems that there is no trouble in the energy supply security in the traditional sense.However,Norway unique power system is affected by climate change,which leads to the security of local energy supply in Norway is subject to the attention of its government and citizens.In addition,Norway’s superior resource endowment and the concept of sustainable development rooted in Norwegian culture make Norway more "active" than most countries in climate governance.In the context of the global low-carbon transition,how to reduce the dependence on oil and gas revenue and find new energy economic growth points is also a problem that Norway needs to think about as a traditional energy exporter.From the perspective of energy security,this paper selects both internal and external levels to analyze the evolution of Norway’s renewable energy policy based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process.According to the time when the three important climate governance agreements were adopted,the time range studied in this paper is divided into three stages.Chapter 1 firstly defines three concepts of "renewable energy","energy security" and "renewable energy policy" which are highly related to the paper.Based on the organization and deconstruction of traditional energy security,this paper presents the definition of renewable energy in energy supply security,demand security.According to the framework established in the first chapter,chapters 2 to 4 compare the Norwegian renewable energy policy and the changes of internal and external factors in three different stages.By analyzing the changes of the four factors at different stages,this paper answers the changing characteristics of Norwegian renewable energy policy at different stages,and how the driving factors behind its policies affect the evolution of Norway’s renewable energy policy.This paper believes that the future game of renewable energy supply security is no longer a game of resource reserves,but will be a game of technology development and technological productivity.Norway energy security has experienced from responding to the demand security as an oil and gas exporting countries,to the security of energy use,the security of local power supply,and then to the supply of renewable energy.In these changes,resource endowments have shaped the structure of renewable energy in Norway,and the security of local electricity supply comes.Climate change makes energy supply security more severe,and the three major international climate governance documents have come into effect,which has promoted Norway’s further actions to deal with energy use security.In addition to that,EEA,the close energy trade relationship with the EU,the urgency of the EU to deal with the security of energy supply and the "ambition" of developing renewable energy have also pushed the formulation of Norway’s renewable energy policy.Norway begins to develop new types of renewable energy,in order to improve the diversification of renewable energy,and plans for renewable energy supply security in the future.