Effects Of Solid-fermented Diet On Growth Performance And Intestinal Health In Weaned Piglets

In this study,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis,yeast,Lactobacillus plantarum,and Lactobacillus reuteri were used for solid-state fermentation of diet for weaned piglet.The difference of digestible energy,metabolizable energy,content and apparent digestibility of nutrient in the diet between before and after solid-state fermentation were determined by all feces-collecting method.Effect of Solid-Fermented diet on the growth performance,diarrhea rate,blood biochemical index,intestinal morphology,intestinal barrier and expression of amino acid transporters were studied in weaned piglets.Test 1: Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus licheniformis: Yeast: Lactobacillus plantarum:Lactobacillus reuteri is subjected to bagged solid-state fermentation of weaned pigs at a ratio of 1:1:1:0.5:0.5.The relevant indicators were measured after 3 days of fermentation.The results showed that:After fermentation,the dietary glycinin,β-conglycinin and trypsin inhibitor decreased by 13.43%,25.50%(P = 0.02),and 87.38%(P < 0.01).The weaned piglets(weight 5.90 ± 0.22 kg)of Duroc×(Landrace×yorkshire)14 days old were used,and the digestible energy and metabolic energy of the pre-fermentation diet were 13.96 MJ/kg and 13.77 MJ/kg,respectively.After digestion,the digestible energy and metabolic energy of the diet were 14.15 MJ/kg and 13.87 MJ/kg,respectively.The apparent digestibility of total energy,crude protein,crude fat and crude fiber increased by 0.10%,0.48%,0.57% and11.06%,respectively.Test 2: A total of 128 Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)boars weaned at 21-day-old(weighing 5.75±0.01)kg were randomly divided into four groups of 8 replicates each with4 piglets per replicate: 1)Control group,feeding 100% basal diet;(2)10% fermented diet group,feeding 10% fermented diet + 90% basal diet;(3)50% fermented diet group,feeding fermentation 50% of the diet + 50% of the basal diet;(4)100% fermented diet group,fed100% of the fermented diet.The test period is 28 days.The results showed that with the increase of the proportion of fermented feed instead of basal diet,the average daily gain of piglets on the 1st to 14 th day of the fermented diet increased linearly(P < 0.01),10%fermented diet group,50% fermented diet group The 100% fermented diet group increased by 6.16%,13.57%,and 26.25%,respectively(P = 0.06);the average daily feed intake increased by 23.83%,18.49%,and 12.20%,respectively(P < 0.01);The reduction was0.61%,1.39%,2.50%,and the diarrhea rate was decreased by 13.77%,10.11%,and 23.88%(P = 0.02).However,the effect on the performance of the 15th-28 th day was not significant.Compared with the control group,serum IGF-1 was significantly increased in each fermented diet group(P < 0.01).The results of protein chip showed that the serum cytokines IL-1β,IFN-γ,IL-8,IL-12,IL-10,TNF-α and GM-CSF were significantly down-regulated in the 10% fermented diet group compared with the control group(All P <0.05);serum cytokines IFN-γ,IL-10,TNF-α were significantly down-regulated in 50%fermented diet group(All P < 0.05);100% fermented diet group serum cytokines IL-1β,IFN-γ,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α were significantly down-regulated(All P < 0.05);feeding Solid-state fermented diet significantly increased the height of duodenum(P = 0.02)and jejunum villi(P < 0.01)in weaned piglets,significantly increased the duodenal velvet ratio of piglets in the 10% fermented feed group(P < 0.01)and the jejunum ratio of piglets in the100% fermented diet group(P = 0.01).In conclusion,the composite probiotic fermentation can improve the effective energy value and nutrient digestibility for weaned piglets,reduce anti-nutritional factor content.Fermented diet could reduce diarrhea rate,alleviate inflammation caused by weaning stress,improve intestinal mucosal morphology and improve growth performance in weaned piglets in the first two weeks after weaning,but had no significant effect on growth performance in the third to fourth weeks.