Effects Of Distilled Wate And Ethanol Extract Of Mulberry Leaves On The Growth Performance,Antioxidant And Immunity Of GIFT Genetic Improvement Of Farmed Tilapia

In this paper,the effects of water extracts and alcohol extracts from different levels of mulberry leaves(Morus alba L.)on the growth performance,antioxidant,immune and digestive tract morphology of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus were studied.720 healthy tilapia with an initial body weight of 8.34±0.05 g were randomly divided into 8 groups(0% control group,10% mulberry leaf powder group,10% water extract group,20% water extract group,40% aqueous extract group,10% alcohol extract group,20% alcohol extract group,40% alcohol extract group),each group of 3 replicates,each repeat 30 fish,in indoor recirculating aquaculture system 8 weeks of culture trials.The results of this study will clarify the effects of water extracts and alcohol extracts from mulberry leaves on the tilapia tilapia and the optimal addition amount,and provide a theoretical basis for the use of water extracts and alcohol extracts of mulberry leaves in aquaculture.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Effect of water extraction and alcohol extraction on extract compositionIn this test,the yields of the aqueous extract and the alcohol extract were 12.7% and9.1%,respectively.The total polysaccharide content in the aqueous extract was 21.69 mg/g,the total polyphenol content was 6.10 mg/g,the total polysaccharide content in the alcohol extract was 14.05 mg/g,and the total polyphenol was 13.30 mg/g.2.Effects of aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts of mulberry leaves on growth indicators and body composition of tilapiaThere was no significant difference in the viability of each component in this experiment(P>0.05);the final weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of 10% aqueous extract and 10%,20% alcohol extract group compared with 0% control group Thesignificant increase was significant(P<0.05),and the feed efficiency of 20%,40% alcohol extract and 10% mulberry leaf powder group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).There was no significant change in feed efficiency in other groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in protein efficiency between the extracts(P>0.05),and the fatness of each extract group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The water content of the whole fish body composition of 40% aqueous extract,10% and20% alcohol extract was significantly lower than that of the 0% control group(P<0.05);the crude protein content of the whole fish in each added group was compared with 0%.The group ratios were significantly decreased in different degrees(P<0.05);the crude fat content of the whole fish in the 10% aqueous extract group and the 10% alcohol extract group was significantly higher than that in the 0% control group(P<0.05),10% mulberry leaves.The crude fat content of whole fish in the powder group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in other groups(P>0.05);the crude ash in the whole fish of the 40% alcohol extract group and the 10%mulberry leaf powder group The content was significantly higher than 0% control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the other groups and 0% control group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in water and crude protein content between the tilapia muscles of each group(P>0.05).Compared with 0% control group,20%,40% water extract group,The crude protein content in the muscle of tilapia was significantly lower in the 20%,40% alcohol extract group and 10% mulberry leaf powder group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the 10% water extract group(P>0.05);20% water The crude ash content of the muscles of the extract group was significantly higher than that of the 0% control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the other groups(P>0.05).3.Effects of aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts from mulberry leaves on muscle quality and amino acid composition of tilapiaThe muscle p H of each group in this experiment was not significantly different from that of the 0% control group(P>0.05).The muscle water holding capacity of the 20% aqueous extract group and the 20% alcohol extract group was significantly higher than that of the0% control group(P<0.05),and the essential amino acid ratio in the aqueous extract group was increased with the water extract.The increase was increased,but there was no significant difference in the essential amino acid content of each group(P>0.05).Among the umami amino acids,the content of Asp in the 20%,40% aqueous extract group and all alcohol extract groups was significantly higher than that in the 0% control group(P<0.05).4.Effects of aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts from mulberry leaves on serum enzyme activity and immune factor levels in tilapiaThe results of this experiment showed that there was no significant difference in T-AOC between the groups(P>0.05).The SOD activity and CAT content in the serum of 20% and40% alcohol extracts were significantly higher than those in the 0% control group(P<0.05).The ACP content of each extract group was significantly higher than 0% control group and10% mulberry leaf powder group(P<0.05),and the ALP content in serum of 10% and 40%water extract group was significantly lower than 0% control group(P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the other groups and the 0% control group(P>0.05).The relative expression of IL-1 m RNA in the liver of 10% mulberry leaf powder group,10% water extract group and 20% alcohol extract group was significantly higher than that of 0% control group.The other groups were not significantly compared with 0% control group.The change(P>0.05);the relative expression of IL-2 m RNA in the liver of tilapia in10% and 20% alcohol extracts was not significantly different from that in the 0% control group(P>0.05).Significantly lower than 0% control group(P<0.05).Compared with the0% control group,the relative expression of IL-10 m RNA in the liver of 20% alcohol extract group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the other groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the 0% control group,IFN-γ was significantly increased in the liver of tilapia in each alcohol extract group(P<0.05),and the water extract group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),10% mulberry.There was no significant difference in leaf powder group(P>0.05).The relative expression of TLR-2 m RNA in liver of each group was significantly lower than that in 0% control group(P<0.05).IL-1,IL-2,IL-10 and TLR-2 in spleen of 40% aqueous extract group and 10% alcohol extract group were significantly increased(P<0.05).5.Effects of water extracts and alcohol extracts from mulberry leaves on intestinalmorphology of tilapiaThe thickness of the intestinal wall of the 10% aqueous extract and the 10% alcohol extract group was significantly higher than that of the mulberry leaf powder group(P<0.05).The length of the villi was significantly greater than 0% in the control group and 10% in the mulberry leaf powder group(P<0.05).6.Differences in the effects of mulberry leaf extract and mulberry leaf powder on tilapiaThe WGR of all extracts in this experiment was significantly higher than that of 10%mulberry leaf powder group(P<0.05);the protein efficiency of 10% mulberry leaf powder group was significantly lower than other groups.Group(P<0.05);the content of aspartic acid in tilapia muscle of 10% mulberry leaf powder group was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05);IL-1,IL-in spleen of 10% mulberry leaf powder group 2,IL-10,IFN-γ were significantly higher than 0% control group(P<0.05),while only IL-1 in the liver was significantly higher than 0% control group;10% aqueous extract and 10% alcohol extract group The thickness of the intestinal wall was significantly higher than that of the mulberry leaf powder group(P<0.05).In summary,the addition of mulberry leaf extract has a good effect on the growth performance,muscle quality,anti-oxidation and immunity of tilapia,and the effect is better than direct addition of mulberry leaf powder,comprehensive growth,anti-oxidation and spleen immune factors.Trends and production application costs,it is recommended to add the mulberry leaf extract with a concentration of 10% to the feed to achieve the best results.