Study On Effects Of Fertilization On Winter Wheat-summer Maize Rotation System In Different Soil Types

Soil is an important production base of plants.The quality of soil directly affects crop production levels.Fertilization is an important measures to control crop growth and yield composition.Fluvo-aquic soil,black soil and yellow-cinnamon soil are the main soil types of southern region of Huang huai.Winter wheat-summer maize rotation system is one of the main cropping pattern.But there are the problems that fertilizer is too high,and the fertilizer use efficiency of this area is low.Therefore,this study spatial displacement method.The experiment with four kinds of soil types(clay fluvo-aquic soil,sandy fluvo-aquic soil,black soil and yellow-cinnamon soil)and three fertilizer levels(no fertilizer,middle fertilizer and high fertilizer)was conducted by a pool experiment to investigate the effects of fertilization on crops in different soil types to provide scientific basis for fertilization and high efficient utilization of resources.The main results were showed as follows:1.The leaf area index,SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of summer maize and winter wheat in four kinds of soil were significant differences.With the increase of the amount of fertilizer,the differences of the expression of crop in four kinds of soil types was decreased.The results showed that under no fertilizer application,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation and yields of winter wheat and summer maize decreased in the four kinds of soil in the order: clay fluvo-aquic soil > black soil >yellow-cinnamon soil >sandy fluvo-aquic soil,which indicated significant difference of different soil types in soil nutrient supplying capacity and productivity.Fertilization significantly increased crop nutrient accumulation and yield in four soil types.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the nitrogen accumulation in whole year increased by 37.7%-98.7%,phosphorus accumulation increased by 23.6%-75.3%,potassium accumulation increased by 29.3%-76.1%,and yields of winter wheat and summer maize increased by 26.5%-64.4%.The increases of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation and yield of winter wheat and summer maize in four soil types decreased in the order of: sandy fluvo-aquic soil > yellow-cinnamon soil > black soil >clay fluvo-aquic soil,which showed that the higher of soil productivity,the bigger of nutrient supply ability,the lower effect of fertilization on crop yield.The nutrient accumulations and yields of winter wheat and summer maize increased significantly under high fertilizer in sandy fluvo-aquic soil and yellow-cinnamon soil.However,there was no significant increase in clay fluvo-aquic soil and black soil.The higher nutrient supply ability,lower effect of fertilization on crop yield and lower fertilizer use efficiency were found in the higher productivity soil types.While there was contrary rule in the lower productivity soil types.Therefore,we should make the most of soil nutrient and decrease fertilizer application in the clay fluvo-aquic soil and black soil with high fertility,while increased fertilizer application in the sandy fluvo-aquic soil and yellow-cinnamon soil with low fertility to increase soil productivity constantly.2.With the increase of the amount of fertilizer,the PFP and the AE of winter wheat and summer maize in four kinds of soil were reducing.Compared with middle fertilizer rate treatment,the PFP and AE of summer maize in high fertilizer were reduced 35.0% and 22.3%;the PFP and AE of winter wheat in high fertilizer were reduced 35.0% and 28.7%.Agronomic efficiency of fertilizer of winter wheat and summer maize in four soil types were characterized by: sandy fluvo-aquic soil > yellow-cinnamon soil > black soil > clay fluvo-aquic soil,which means that the lower of productivity of soil,the higher the fertilizer use efficiency.3.Fertilization significantly improve the quality of crops in different soils.With the increase of the amount of fertilizer,maize grain protein content increased,and starch content reduced,oil content was not significantly different.Summer maize grain protein content in different soil types showed that,the more heavy clay soil texture,the higher its content.Grain starch content in different types of soil presented,the more heavy clay soil texture,grain starch content lower.Wheat grain protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value all increased with the increase of fertilizer and grain density between different fertilizer treatments were not significant.Fertilization greatest impact on the settlement value of wheat grain,followed by wet gluten content,protein content.The improvement of grain quality of winter wheat performed on four kinds of soil: clay fluvo-aquic soil > black soil >yellow-cinnamon soil >sandy fluvo-aquic soil,which showed grain quality of winter wheat were related with soil fertility and soil texture.Therefore,it should be based on the soil fertility and soil texture,appropriately choose the crop varieties and fertilizer levels.