Study On Influence Factor Of Herdsman Income From The Perspective Of Coop Eration Organization

With reform of the market economic system in China,research results indicate that the traditional production mode of livestock husbandry in pasturing area and the common pasture management way of community are main causes for degeneration and poverty of pasturing area and grassland in China.Hence,pasturing area has imitated the property right model of contracting to each household in agricultural land since 1990 s to successively carry out the policy of contracting to each household in grassland.But more and more research results show that the contracting system of grassland generates many negative impacts on the livestock husbandry production,herdsman livelihood,grassland ecology,etc.In allusion to the above problems,in 2016,China,on the basis of perfecting grassland’s system of separating rural land ownership rights,contract rights,and management rights,emphasized on promoting the operation of grassland livestock husbandry in appropriate scale and the construction of cooperation pasture system in the business pattern from retail investors-centered little animal husbandry economy to cooperatives-centered economy to construct the collective economy and community cooperation organization in agricultural and pastoral areas,achieving the scaled development of livestock husbandry.The cooperative’s role in integrating the resources in pasturing area,reconstructing its economic organization and solving its poverty issues is widely concerned.Many literatures affirm the proactive role of cooperative from different perspectives,but there are still many issues which can’t be ignored in the pasturing area cooperative based on the actual condition.Firstly,the large and specialized agricultural households,capable persons in pasturing area,husbandry-involved enterprises,etc.have high right of speech than common members.As a result,the gap between the rich and the poor largens and the benefits are distributed unevenly.Secondly,the existing cooperative in pasturing area lacks the social network in reconstruction communication,and not all herdsmen can participate in it.So although part of pasturing area cooperatives influence the income of a part of farm households,it can’t achieve the cooperation and income increasing in the whole village.In order to solve that issue,not only the dilemma for herdsman to participate in market shall be solved,but also the social capital of community shall be reconstructed and the cooperation relation between community and villagers shall be concerned.The following difficulties exist in the construction of new cooperative: guaranteeing the relevant equity of farm households,specifying interest allocation mechanism among individuals,endowing community organization certain rights to coordinate the joint management of the grassland resources and the construction of collective economy.The 2019 research group’s survey results about Qinghai pasturing area showed that many pasturing areas reconstructed the community cooperation organization under the coordination of cooperative and relocated the utility pattern of grassland and established the interest allocation mechanism among individuals after implementing the mode of contracting to each household in grassland to lead the whole village to participate in market in collective form.The new community cooperation organization may put forward new perspective and thought to the dilemma in livelihood development of pasturing area.In the empirical part,the mediation model is applied to verify the cooperatives improve the income of herdsmen by integrating local social capital,based on which author proposes that pasturing area needs a coordinated social capital organized by community and with nested social mutual benefit relationship and market network relationship,instead of only depending on traditional customs system and reciprocal relationship.Finally,the author raises the relevant suggestions to the construction and development of existing pasturing area cooperative,herdsman income increasing and grassland resource management,and advocates that the professional cooperatives of herdsman shall pay attention to the reconstruction of social capital of pasturing area to safeguard the individual equity of herdsman and drive the income increasing of herdsmen in the whole village.