Effects Of Fermented Jujube Powder On Production Performance,Immune Function And Antioxidant Capacity Of Dairy Bulls During Hot Season

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different proportion of jujube fermented feed on behavior,production performance,antioxidant capacity,immune performance and microorganisms of rumen in dairy bull under hot season.Sixty healthy Holstein bulls(initial body weight ± 200 kg,4 to 6 Months)were randomly into four treatment groups with 15 replicates in each group,the bulls were supplemented with 0(control),5%,10%or 15%of jujube fermented feed respectively.The experimental period was120d including 7 d for adaptation and 90 d for sampling and data collection.The results showed that:(1)During the experiment,when THI<72,respiratory rate was significantly decreased with fermented jujube powder(P<0.05)There was no significant difference in respiratory rate and lying rate among groups.When 78>THI>73,respiratory rate was significantly decreased with fermented jujube powder(P<0.05).(2)The addition of 5%and 10%fermented jujube powder significantly promoted the growth of body height compared.Compared with the other three groups,the addition of 15%fermented jujube powder significantly decreased the daily gain(P<0.05);(3)The addition of 10%fermented jujube powder increased the apparent digestibility of calcium,protein,fat,acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber.Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid in the rumen were significantly increased with the addition of 10%and 15%fermented jujube powder(P<0.05);(4)The species richness of rumen microorganisms was improved with the addition of 5%fermented jujube powder,but the rumen microorganism richness decreased with the increase of fermented jujube powder.The rumen microorganism species richness,the number of OTUS(P<0.05)and ACE index were significantly decreased for the addition of 15%fermented jujube powder.The addition of 15%fermented jujube powder reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and increased the abundance of Planctomycetes,significantly,compared with the other three groups(P<0.05).The abundance of Verrucous were significantly improved with addition of 10%fermented jujube powder,significantly,compared with the other groups(P<0.05);(5)On the 90th day,serum BUN levels were improved as the increase of the amount of fermented jujube powder.On the 30th day,the content of T4 and TP in serum were increased for 10%and 15%fermented jujube powder;(6)On the 30th day,the addition of 15%fermented jujube powder feed improved the immune performance of dairy bulls during hot season,increased the level of IgG and IgA in serum,significantly,compared with the other three groups.The content of IL-1 in serum were reduced by the addition of 10%fermented jujube powder.On the 90th day of the experiment,the addition of 10%fermented jujube powder improved the immune performance of dairy bulls,decreased the content of IL-1 in serum,significantly compared with the other groups.The addition of 10%fermented jujube powder increased the contents of IgG and IgM(P>0.05);(7)On the 90th day,the addition of 10%fermented jujube powder improved the antioxidant activity of dairy bulls,increased the contents of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in serum(P>0.05),and decreased the content of MDA(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of 10%fermented jujube powder can Strengthen the growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity,meanwhile improve rumen fermentation and microbial flora of dairy bulls.