Response Of Winter Wheat Yield And Water Use Efficiency To Different Water And Fertilizer Supplies

In order to explore the influence of different water and fertilizer supply conditions on the growth index,relative chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation,dry matter ratio of each organ,grain yield,water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Taihang Mountain Piedmont Plain,Hebei Province,2018 From October 2010 to June 2020,two consecutive winter wheat field trials were carried out at the Experimental Station of Hebei Agricultural University in Xinji City,Hebei Province,with the experimental variety Shimai 22.Through carrying out different compound fertilizer and irrigation treatment test and different amount of potassium application and irrigation treatment test,explore the local suitable water and fertilizer application scheme.To study the response of winter wheat yield and water use efficiency to different compound fertilizers and irrigation treatments,two irrigation treatments(W1 jointing period irrigated 60 mm,W2 jointing period and flowering period were irrigated 60 mm)and three fertilization treatments(N:P2O5:K2O are 120-60-90 kg/hm2,180-90-135 kg/hm2 and 240-120-180 kg/hm2,respectively,represented by F1,F2 and F3)were set up in the experiment.The main findings are as follows:(1)The amount of fertilization is the main influencing factor affecting plant height,leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content,followed by irrigation amount.Increasing the amount of irrigation and fertilization can effectively increase the leaf area index and delay the decline rate of leaf area index when leaves are senescence.(2)The dry matter accumulation of winter wheat ranges from 19521.00 to 23879.09 kg/hm2.One more irrigation will cause dry matter accumulation to increase by 1.18%to 4.61%,but the proportion of ears to dry matter will decrease by 0.26%to 4.16%,which will affect the dry matter.Delivery to vegetative organs.Compared with F3,the dry matter accumulation of F2 treatment decreased by 6.41%～7.6%,but the proportion of ears in dry matter increased by 2.50%～3.55%.(3)The overall variation range of wheat yield was 8412.67～11385.5 kg/hm2,with the lowest yield of W1F1 and the highest yield of W2F3.The influence of each experimental factor on the yield in descending order is the amount of fertilizer,the amount of irrigation water,and the interaction of water and fertilizer.The increase in yield caused by increasing the amount of fertilization from F2 to F3 is not as great as that caused by increasing the amount of fertilization from F1 to F2.(4)The changes in water consumption and water consumption intensity in each growth period showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The increase in irrigation water would aggravate the difference in water consumption between different fertilization rates.The maximum water consumption modulus in the jointing-flowering period is 25.49%～29.95%,and the water consumption intensity is 3.65～4.76 mm/d at this time.The water use efficiency of W1F2 is the largest,and its range is 2.49～2.81kg/m3,which is 4.18%～20.87%higher than other treatments.And the percentage of ears in W1F2 increased by 0.56%～5.23%compared with other treatments.To study the response of winter wheat yield and water use efficiency to different potassium application rates and irrigation treatments,two irrigation treatments(W1 jointing period irrigated 60 mm,W2 jointing period and flowering period were irrigated 60 mm)and three potassium treatments(The potassium application rate is 90 kg/hm2,135 kg/hm2 and 225 kg/hm2,respectively,expressed by K1,K2 and K3)were set up in the experiment.The main findings are as follows:(1)Plant height,leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content all increased significantly with increasing potassium application.In addition,the plant height differences between K1 and K2 and K2 and K3 showed a trend of decreasing,then increasing and gradually decreasing as wheat fertility progressed.More irrigation with one water also caused an increase in plant height,leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content.(2)Under different water and potassium treatments,dry matter accumulation ranged from 19726.00 kg/hm2 to 22927.13 kg/hm2.The increase of K application and irrigation amount could significantly improve the dry matter accumulation of wheat,and the panicle proportion under K2 treatment showed the best performance,which ranged from 63.66%～65.77%.Compared with W2 treatment,the panicle proportion under W1 treatment increased by 2.75%～5.25%.(3)W2K3 had the highest yield,which ranged from 10469.23 kg/hm2 to 11340.07 kg/hm2;W1K1 has the lowest yield,which ranges from 8727.1～9536.14 kg/hm2.The number of panicles and grains per panicle increased significantly with the increase of K application,and the 1000-grain weight was significantly affected by the interaction between K application and water and K application.(4)Increasing K application rate from K1 to K3 could significantly increase the water consumption of winter wheat.Irrigation water was the main factor causing the difference in water consumption,and the water consumption of winter wheat under W2 increased by 8.16%～11.28%compared with that under W1.The interaction of water and potassium was significant only in the different irrigation treatments.WUE of W1K2 was the highest,with a range of 2.51～2.81kg/m3,which was 0.8%～14.90%higher than that of other treatments.Compared with other treatments,the panicle proportion of W1K2 increased by 0.56%～4.75%.In summary,irrigation with one water(60 mm irrigation at nodulation)and NPK fertilizer application of 180-90-135 kg/hm2 was the best irrigation and fertilization program from the viewpoint of increasing the rate of nutrient transfer to the spike and improving water use efficiency.