Effects Of Irrigation Mode And Fertilization On Growth And Water And Fertilizer Use Efficiency Of Winter Wheat

In order to explore the high-quality and efficient irrigation and fertilization system,field experiments were carried out to study five fertilization treatments under the conditions of drip irrigation,water and fertilizer coupling and border irrigation;(Blank control(CK);Formula N-free fertilization(PK);Formula P-Free fertilization(NK);Formula K-free fertilization(NP);The effects of formula fertilization(NPK))on the growth and development of winter wheat and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer provide a reference for promoting the efficient production of Winter Wheat in Southern Hebei.The main results are as follows:(1)Different irrigation methods and fertilization had effects on plant height growth and chlorophyll content of winter wheat.At jointing stage,fertilization under drip irrigation did not significantly improve the plant height growth of winter wheat,while NPK combined application under border irrigation significantly improved the plant height growth of winter wheat.Fertilization at flowering stage and maturity stage can improve the plant height growth of winter wheat in different degrees.At jointing stage,irrigation had no significant effect on chlorophyll content.At flowering stage,the chlorophyll content of winter wheat under border irrigation was higher than that under drip irrigation under CK,PK,NK and NP treatments,and the difference was significant,which increased by 22.09%,30.42%,19.63%and 22.99%respectively.(2)Different irrigation methods and fertilization had significant effects on winter wheat yield.Under the same fertilization treatment,the coupling yield of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation was 2.39%–12.40%higher than that under border irrigation.NPK1 treatment had the highest grain yield under drip irrigation(9811.46kg/hm~2),and fertilization increased grain yield by 20.16%–44.32%under drip irrigation.NPK2 treatment had the highest grain yield(9333.68 kg/hm~2)under border irrigation,and fertilization increased grain yield by 38.45%–54.31%under border irrigation.(3)Different irrigation methods and fertilization had significant effects on water use efficiency.Under drip irrigation,fertilization increased water use efficiency by23.89%–57.91%.Under border irrigation,fertilization increased water use efficiency by 44.96%–66.59%.Under the same fertilization treatment,the water use efficiency of drip irrigation was higher than that of border irrigation,and the maximum increase was 17.92%compared with that of border irrigation.(4)Fertilization had a significant effect on nutrient uptake,partial productivity and apparent use efficiency of winter wheat.The total absorption of nitrogen by winter wheat was greater than that of phosphorus and potassium.The average apparent utilization of N,P and K in drip irrigation was higher than that in border irrigation,which increased by 26.76%,23.14%and 8.00%,respectively.When the irrigation methods were the same,the apparent utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were significantly improved by fertilization,and the combination of NPK with drip irrigation and border irrigation had the best improvement effect.(5)Different irrigation methods and fertilization had significant effects on the vertical distribution of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.Irrigation and fertilization had no significant effect on soil organic matter content.Nitrogen fertilization can greatly increase the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of the topsoil from 0–20 cm,and the effect of the increase decreases with the increase of soil depth.Compared with border irrigation,drip irrigation can reduce the leaching of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen;at the jointing stage and mature stage,the content of available phosphorus in drip irrigation under the combined application of NP and NPK is significantly higher than that in border irrigation.Soil available phosphorus was mainly concentrated in the 0–20 cm of the soil surface,and the application of phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in this soil layer at different growth stages;the content of available potassium in drip irrigation under PK and NP treatments was higher than that in border irrigation,and in 20–40 cm soil.Compared with 0–20 cm,the content of soil available potassium in the PK,NK and NPK treatments with potassium fertilizers decreased significantly.