Study On Winter Wheat Development Characteristics And Water And Fertilizer Use Efficiency Under Different Water And Fertilizer Ratios

In order to solve the problems of soil environment deterioration and low efficiency of water and fertilizer use with unreasonable fertilizer input in the wheat area of Hebei plain,the reasonable fertilizer ratio and irrigation times will be used to improve the development of winter wheat group and individual plant and raise the water and nutrients use efficiency of winter wheat,and provide a scientific theoretical basis for the agricultural sustainable development in Hebei plain.In this paper,the combination of field experiment and laboratory analysis was used to study the growth and development status,nutrient absorption and utilization,wheat yield and soil physical and chemical properties of different winter wheat varieties under different irrigation and fertilization conditions in Xinji and Gaocheng area.The main findings obtained are as follows:(1)Under the same fertilizer ratio,the number of different irrigation times on stem number,dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of wheat population were all presented as irrigating two times(W2)>one time(W1).The number of stems in Shimai 22 was the highest in the jointing stage and the flowering stage,and the number of stems was the highest in the two water treatments,which was 3.19% and 6.44%,respectively;the yield was the highest in the second water,which was 6.66% higher than that in the first water;The number of stems and dry matter of Jimai 22 at the jointing and flowering stages were the highest in the treatment with high water and high fertilizer,the increase rate of high-fertilizer treatment was 5.05% and 5.53%,respectively;the yield of high-fertilizer and high-fertilizer increased by 8.14%.It is indicated that the effect of the second water fertilizer on Shimai 22 is significant,and the effect of the two water high fertilizer on Jimai 22 was more significant,and the difference between the yields of the two regions is not significant.(2)With the growth and development of wheat,the nutrients in the stems and leaves of the plants gradually shifted to the grains.Different irrigation and fertilization significantly affected the spatial and temporal dynamics of winter wheat nutrients.Under different water and fertilizer treatments,the accumulation of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in the mature stage of Shimai 22 was expressed as spring irrigation and water > spring irrigation and water treatment,and medium fertilizer > high fertilizer > low fertilizer > zero fertilizer;The best water and fertilizer use efficiency is achieved by W2T4 treatment.Under the same optimum fertilizer amount,the total P and K of spring irrigation water treatment were increased by 43.71%,56.21% and 18.60%,respectively,72.13%,35.99% and 26.32%.(3)The gradient of different fertilizer ratios is positively correlated with the physical properties of soil layers.The same fertilizer ratio,with the increase of irrigation times,can effectively increase soil water storage,reduce water consumption and improve water use efficiency.Shimai 22 and Jimai 22 increased by 8.73% and 10.59% respectively in W2T4 compared with W1T4,W2T3 increased by 6.61% and 3.14% respectively compared with W1T3,W2T2 J increased by 9.67% and 0.36% respectively compared with W1T2,respectively.The increase can significantly improve the efficiency of water use.(4)The increase of fertilizer ratio gradient has a significant effect on the content change of soil alkaline nitrogen,effective phosphorus and available potassium.Under the same fertilizer ratio gradient,with the increase of irrigation times,the content of effective phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of wheat field decreased with the deepening of soil layer.The content of effective phosphorus and available potassium in 20-40 cm soil layer was increased by 10.04 and 19.43mg/kg respectively,and the content of alkaline nitrogen was improved 30.41%~35.35% in 20-40 cm soil layer in the second 22 water during the extraction period.It is beneficial to meet the nutrient demand of wheat late growth and development.In summary,irrigation and fertilization at jointing stage can effectively promote the growth and development of wheat,increase the number of stems,dry matter accumulation,yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency.Shimai 22 had the best growth and development under the condition of spring irrigation and water application in the jointing stage.The Jimai 22 variety developed better under the spring irrigation and water + high fertilizer treatment,indicating that the water-saving fertilizer of Shimai 22 The performance is better,and Jimai 22 is more productive.