Comparative Study On Meat Auality,Liver And Intestinal Health Of Free-range Broilers In Bamboo Forest And Family Environment

The major rural areas in China mainly raise livestock and poultry in the form of family free-range raising,which can not only achieve self-sufficiency,but also improve the health of livestock and poultry.However,due to the complexity of its environment,it causes some economic losses for farmers.The development of underforest breeding combines forestry with animal husbandry organically,and helps to reach a mutual benefit and win-win situation.Due to the characteristics of large bamboo forestry production scale in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions of China,this paper aims to compare the effects of free-range raised in bamboo forest broilars(BFB group)and free-range raised in family broilers(FFB group)on meat quality,liver health,intestinal health and intestinal microbiota of broilers,and to provide the basis for the popularization and application of broilers feeding mode.Two hundred one-day-old Xiaoshan chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups:family free-range group and bamboo free-range group.The relevant indexes were sampled for 60 days.The main research results are as follows:1、Effects of bamboo and family free ranged environment on flavor and intramuscular fatty acid of broilersThe results of electronic nose muscle flavor test showed that there were significant differences in the principal components of muscle flavor(accounting for more than 98%)between the two groups.The principal components of the two groups were located in two different positions,and the meat quality of the BFB group greatly altered.The results of gas chromatography analysis showed that compared with FFB group,the content of saturated fatty acids in broilers breast meat of BFB group was significantly(P<0.05)decreased,but the content of palmitic acid(C16:1N-7)in monounsaturated fatty acids,alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3N-3),n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexanoic acid(DHA)in polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly(P<0.05)increased,and the value of n-6/n-3 was significantly(P<0.05)decreased.These results suggest that BFB can significantly improve the meat flavor and fatty acids of broilers.2、Effects of bamboo and family free ranged environment on intestinal and liver health of broilersPhysiological and biochemical index determination results found that:compared with FFB group,bamboo rearing significantly(P<0.05)raised chicken ileal tissue Zonula occludens 1,Occludin,Claudin1,antioxidant enzymes GPX4 and anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 gene expression,significantly(P<0.05)down-regulated antiapoptotic proteins the Bcl-2 X related protein(Bcl-2 associated protein X,Bax),p53,Caspase9、proinflammatory nuclear transcription factor nf-kappa B and its target genes IFN-γ and IL-6 gene expression;Decreased the activities of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)in the liver of broilers,and the activities of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were significantly(P<0.05)increased.In addition,BFB group significantly(P<0.05)up-regulated B cell lymphoma-2 protein(Bcl2)and Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor(Nrf2),significantly(P<0.05)down-regulated inflammation related gene Caspase9,mitogen-activated protein kinase(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)and p53 expression in liver tissue of broilers.Serum results were consistent with liver results.These results indicate that BFB environment can significantly improve the antioxidant,anti-apoptosis and immunomodulatory functions of broilers,and promote the intestinal and liver health of broilers.3、Effects of bamboo and family free ranged environment on the structure of intestinal microbiota of broilers.16S high-throughput sequencing analysis of cecal contents showed that compared with FFB group,α and β diversity of the cecal contents of broilers in BFB group were significantly(P<0.05)increased.The relative abundances of Fusobacteria,Shtterella,Oscillospira and Ruminococcus gnavus significantly(P<0.05)decreased,while the relative abundances of Dehalobacterium,5-7N15,Ruminococcus and Prepotella significantly(P<0.05)increased.In addition,bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid production,such as Lactobacillus agilis,Lachnospiraceae and Dehalobacterium,were enriched in the BFB group.The co-occurrence network analysis showed that the BFB group had closer relationship and more abundant modular structure among the microbiota.These results suggest that BFB environment can increase the diversity and improve the structure and composition of intestinal microbiota of broilers.In conclusion,compared with the family free-range rearing environment,bamboo forest rearing environment can improve the the muscle quality of broilers,enhace the antioxidant,anti-apoptosis and immunomodulatory functions and regulate the intestinal microbiota structure,thereby promoting the body health.