Study On The Relationship Between The Weather And Soil Conditions In Different Sub-producing Areas In The Eastern Foot Of Helan Mountain And The Quality Of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes

In order to explore the influence of soil and climate in different producing areas on the quality of wine grapes,this study took 18 wineries Cabernet Sauvignon in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain as the research object,collected climate data and soil samples in 5 producing areas,and analyzed the climate and soil under different regional conditions.On the influence of Cabernet Sauvignon grape quality,using factor analysis,cluster analysis,grey correlation degree and regression analysis,the influence of climate and soil in different sub-producing areas on the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes was studied.The aim is to assess the differences in soil nutrients and climate in different sub-producing areas,and to clarify the relationship between climate,soil and grape quality,in order to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the rational planning of production areas in the future and the precise regulation of cultivation models in production areas.The main findings are as follows:(1)The soil nutrients in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are poor.This study found that the average organic matter and total phosphorus content in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain were 10.81 g/kg and 0.54 g/kg,respectively,which were in the fourth level;the average content of total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen were 0.60 g/kg and 12.28 mg/kg,which are at the fifth and sixth levels respectively;the average content of available potassium is 123.82 mg/kg,which is at the third level.The soil in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain The overall nutrients are relatively poor.(2)The soil nutrients in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are generally higher in the northern area than in the southern area.Cluster analysis shows that the pH content of the southern production areas of Yongning,Qingtongxia,and Hongsipu is higher than the average,and other nutrient indicators are much lower than the average;the northern production areas of Yinbei and Jinshan are characterized by pH,total salt,alkaline nitrogen and nitrogen.The content of available nutrients is lower than the average,and the organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus are higher than the average.Further factor analysis shows that Jinshan production area>Yinbei production area>Qingtongxia production area>Hongsibao production area>Yongning production area.It can be seen that there are obvious differences in the spatial distribution of production areas.(3)The water and heat resources in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are good.The rainfall in July is between 10.5～26.45 mm,the rainfall in August is between 21.95～122.03 mm,the rainfall in September is between 12.63～35.60 mm,and the rainfall from July to September shows a trend of low and high.The average temperature in Shandong Province from July to September is between 20.35～21.83℃ and the annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ is between 3228.51～3571.55(℃·d).The optimum temperature during the ripening period of wine grapes is between 17～24℃,Helan The average temperature in Shandong Province from July to September is 21.19℃,and the water heat coefficient is between 0.11 and 0.29 from July to September,which is suitable for the growth of wine grapes.(4)There are differences in sunlight,water and heat resources at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.Cluster analysis shows that the temperature is high in the week and low in the middle of the week.The Jinshan,Yongning,and Qingtongxia central production areas are higher than the Yinbei and Hongsipu production areas,while the precipitation is opposite;the Jinshan,Yongning,and Qingtongxia central production areas show temperature indicators from July to September Above the average,the photosynthetically active radiation and precipitation indicators are below the average.In Yinbei and Hongsipu production areas,except for the rainfall in July,the other rainfall indicators and photosynthetic active radiation were significantly higher than the average,and the temperature indicators were all lower than the average.In order to further clarify the water and heat conditions in the production area of the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,a comprehensive evaluation was carried out;through the comprehensive evaluation,it can be further known that the water and heat resources are:Jinshan production area>Qingtongxia production area=Yongning production area>Yinbei production area>Hongsibao In the production area,it can be seen that there are differences between the hydrothermal resources at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.(5)Soil nutrients and climate in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain have different effects on quality.The degree of correlation between the comprehensive quality index and the 11 climatic indexes and their ranking from largest to smallest are:≥10℃ annual accumulated temperature>JulySeptember average maximum temperature>July-September average temperature>July rainfall>July-September Effective accumulated temperature>average temperature of the hottest month>average minimum temperature of July to September>annual rainfall>rainfall of July to September>rainfall of September>rainfall of August;the correlation degree between the comprehensive quality index and the 8 soil indexes and The order from largest to smallest is:available phosphorus>available potassium>organic matter>total salt>total phosphorus>total nitrogen>pH>alkaline nitrogen.(6)Soil nutrients and climate are closely related to quality at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.The more rainfall in July,the more the soluble solids of Cabernet Sauvignon will accumulate,which is represented by Y2=0.411X7+0.319;the effective accumulated temperature from July to September and the rainfall in July affect the pH content of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes,which is represented by Y4=1.277X2+0.565X17-0.439;Available phosphorus has a positive correlation with the saccharic acid ratio of Cabernet Sauvignon,expressed as Y5=0.607X18+0.228;September rainfall,total nitrogen and pH have an effect on the tannin content of Cabernet Sauvignon.The performance is Y6=1.072X9-1.105X12-0.567X14+0.964;the rainfall and total nitrogen in July have an effect on the anthocyanin content of Cabernet Sauvignon,and the performance is Y8=0.690X7+0.650X12-0.140.