| In this study,the temporal and spatial transformation of soil moisture,temperature,enzyme and nutrient in potato growth period under different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns was studied between 2019 and 2020 at the Dazui Village,Shutai Town,Haiyuan County,Ningxia.Taking potato as a test crop,the soil water temperature,microorganism and enzyme activity were used to study the transformation and distribution of nutrients and their effects on potato yield in different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns.The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of potato water and fertilizer and the planting pattern of furrow and ridge rain collection in this area.The main findings were as follows:1)Different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns could increase soil water storage in 0-100 cm layer during the potato growth stage,and soil water storage increases with the increase of ridge width,high soil water storage furrow ridge ratio 60 cm:60 cm;The soil water storage of DJ and DM treatment was the best,compared with the control,the average water storage in two years with DJ and DM was increased by 22.3%and 15.7%.Different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns could increase the average soil temperature in 0-25 cm layers during the potato growth stage,and DJ treatment reduced soil temperature.The decrease was more obvious with the increase of ridge width;The soil temperature increased by furrow and ridge ratio of 60 cm:60 cm and 60 cm:45 cm,and soil temperature was the best with DD and DS,two-year average was warmer significantly 1.9℃ and 1.1℃ than CK.2)Different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns could increase the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in 0-60 cm layers at harvest stage,and decreased with the widening of furrow and furrow ratio.The content of soil organic matter was the highest with DJ and DM treatment,compared with the control,the average content of soil organic matter in two years increased by 24.4%and 20.4%.And the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium was the highest with DD and DJ treatment,compared with the control,it increased by 10.5%,10.0%,9.7%and 15.0%,11.0%,16.9%in two years.The content of soil nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-60 cm layers during the potato growth stage were increased by different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns,and their contents of DD and DJ treatment was the highest,compared with the control,it was increased by 20.9%～35.5%,34.5%～45.6%,25.0%～45.4%,31.9%～37.6%and 18.6%～32.1%,25.9%～34.8%,20.1%～3.6%,28.2%～33.1%in two years.The two-year average soil nutrients between furrow and ridge ratios were 60 cm:60 cm>60 cm:45 cm>60 cm:30 cm.3)The soil phosphatase,urease,and sucrase activities in 0-60 cm layers were increased by different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns,with the highest enzyme activities treated with DJ and DD,compared with the control,it increased by 9.5%～18.6%,7.8%～12.2%,7.9%～12.8%and 6.5%～17.8%,6.7%～7.9%,7.5%～12.0%in two years.The soil phosphatase activity was the best at furrow and ridge ratio 60 cm:45 cm,followed by furrow and ridge ratio of 60 cm:30 cm,while soil urease and sucrase activity was the best at furrow and ridge ratio of 60 cm:60 cm,followed by furrow and ridge ratio of 60 cm:30 cm.4)Different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns could improve the nutrient absorption of potato plants.The absorption of nitrogen in potato plants was as follows:leaf>stem>tuber>root;Nitrogen absorption furrow ratio of root and potato plants was 60 cm:60 cm>60 cm:30 cm>60 cm:45 cm.In 2019,DM and DS treatment absorbed the most,and significantly increasing by 39.3%and 34.2%,respectively,while in 2020,DD and DS treatment absorbed the most,significantly increasing by 78.3%and 73.5%.The absorption of phosphorus in potato plants was different in two years,The DJ and DS treatments absorbed the most in 2019,compared with the control,it was increased by 35.7%and 33.4%.However,in 2020,the ratio of phosphorus absorption furrow to ridge in potato plants was 60 cm:45 cm>60 cm:30 cm>60 cm:60 cm,Maximum absorption by DM and DS treatment,compared with the control,it was increased by 42.7%and 33.6%.The absorption of potassium in potato plants increased with the widening of furrow ratio,with DJ and DM treatment absorbed the most,compared with the control,it was increased by 63.6%,113.7%and 39.1%,95.6%in two years.5)Different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns could improve the growth of potato and increase the plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation during the potato growth stage,among which DS and DM treatment performed best,compared with the control,it was increased by 38.0%,11.8%,55.6%and 35.4%,9.5%,61.9%in two years.The plant height and stem diameter of potato were stable furrow and ridge ratio 60 cm:60 cm,furrow and ridge ratio 60 cm:30 cm and 60 cm:45 cm were different due to different rainfall condition,the aboveground dry matter accumulation was the best at furrow and ridge ratio 60 cm:45 cm,and the underground dry matter accumulation was the best at furrow and ridge ratio 60 cm:60 cm.6)Different dual-mulching furrow and ridge patterns can increase potato number,single potato weight,yield,commercial potato rate,water consumption and water use efficiency.In 2019,the number of potato per plant and the rate of commercial potato decreased with the widening of furrow ratio.The weight of single potato and the rate of commercial potato increased with the widening of furrow ratio.In 2020,the number of potato per plant increased with the widening of furrow ridge ratio.The weight of single potato decreased with the widening of furrow ridge ratio.Potato yield showed 60 cm:45 cm>60 cm:60 cm>60 cm:30 cm,DD and DJ was the highest output,compared with the control,and it was increased by 32.2%,38.6%and 40.3%,29.3%in two years.There were differences in water consumption between the two years.In 2019,the water consumption of potato increased with the widening of ridge width.In 2020,the water consumption of potato decreased with the widening of ridge width,however,the water consumption of DJ treatment was the lowest,compared with the control,it was reduced by 10.9%and 5.2%in two years;Potato water use efficiency was the highest 60 cm:45 cm furrow ratio,the DJ and DS treatment was the highest,compared with the control,it was increased by 57.6%,43.3%and 45.5%,33.3%in two years.7)There was significant correlation between soil moisture,nutrient factors and enzyme activity(except potassium),but no correlation with soil temperature.The furrow-ridge ratio and mulching materials had significant interaction on soil water temperature,phosphatase,sucrase,organic matter,total potassium,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,dry matter,yield and water use efficiency,but had no significant interaction on soil urease,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,plant height,stem diameter,plant N,plant P,plant K,commercial potato rate and water consumption.By function fitting between potato yield with the ridge width,the potato yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of ridge width under different furrow and ridge mulching patterns,and higher potato yield was obtained with each mulching patterns at 60 cm:48 cm of furrow and ridge ratio.In summary,different dual-mulching of furrow and ridge patterns could not only improve soil water temperature and environment,promote crop growth,but also improve tilth soil enzyme activity,promote nutrient transformation and absorption,increase nutrient content,and then increase crop yield.Under the furrow-and-ridge ratio of 60 cm:45 cm,plastic-covered ridges and straw-covered furrows could significantly increase soil nutrient content and potato yield,and had certain application value in potato high yield cultivation in dry area of southern Ningxia. |
