| Soil water and temperature are important factors limiting crop productivity in dry farming areas of southern Ningxia.How to effectively use the limited precipitation and improve the matching degree of water temperature and fertilizer during the growth period of potato is the key to realize the high yield and efficiency of agriculture water saving in this area.As an efficient water-saving cultivation technology,furrow-ridge rainwater harvesting mulching patterns has been widely used in dry farming areas in southern Ningxia.In this study,a randomized block experiment was carried out in the potato characteristic industry demonstration base of Da zui Village,Shutai Town,Haiyuan County in 2021,and two furrow-ridge planting patterns were set up,ridge planting(potato planted on the ridge)and furrow planting(potato planted in the furrow).The ridge planting was not covered by furrow,and the ridge was covered by ordinary plastic white film(LD),biodegradable film(LS),PPC biodegradable permeable film(LP),fodder fiber film(LM),ordinary plastic black film(LH)and not covered(LB)with six treatments.The furrow planting was covered with ordinary plastic white film on ridges,and five treatments were covered with common plastic white film(GD),biodegradable film(GS),PPC biodegradable permeable film(GP),fodder fiber film(GM),and not covered(GB),respectively.The traditional flat planting was not covered as control(CK),to explore the effects of different furrow-ridge rainwater harvesting patterns combined with plastic film mulching patterns on soil water temperature,nutrients,enzyme activity,microbial characteristics,and potato growth and yield during potato growth.The main research results are as follows:1.Ridge planting and furrow planting can increase 0-100 cm soil water storage of potato in each growth period.Compared with CK,the soil water storage of LS and LH treatments under ridge planting was the best,GS and GM treatments under furrow planting were the highest.At 120 d after sowing,the daytime temperature of LS and LM treatments was the most suitable for potato tuber formation under ridge planting(17-19℃),while GS,GP and GM treatments were the most suitable under furrow planting.Under ridge planting,the soil temperature at night at 15 cm layer of LD treatment showed significant indigenous heat preservation effect,which was 2.0℃ higher than that of CK on average,and that of GD treatment under furrow planting was 1.4℃ higher than that of CK on average.2.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in 0-60 cm soil layer of ridge LS treatment were the best,GS treatment had the highest total nitrogen,GP and GM treatment had the highest total phosphorus,GD treatment had the highest total potassium.The available phosphorus and potassium in 0-60 cm soil layer were higher in ridge planting with LS,LM and LH,and the highest in furrow planting with GM,GD and GS.The soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in 0-60 cm soil layer were the highest under LS,LM and LH ridge planting,and the highest under GD and GM furrow planting.3.Soil urease,catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities in 0-60 cm soil layer were increased under ridge and furrow planting.The enzyme activities of LD,LH,LS and LP treatments were higher than CK,and GS,GM and GD treatments were the highest under furrow planting.There were significant differences in the number of soil microorganisms in the 0-40 cm layer between ridge and furrow planting.Compared with CK,ridge planting and furrow planting increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen.Ridge planting LM,LS and LD treatments were significantly increased,and furrow planting GM and GS treatments increased most significantly.4.Ridge and furrow planting can improve plant height and leaf area index of potato.Compared with CK,the plant height of LS and LH treatments increased by 23.7%and 30.8%,respectively,while that of GS and GM treatments increased by 15.6%and 14.7%,respectively.Compared with CK,leaf area index of LD and LM increased by 32.2%and 23.5%,respectively,and that of GM increased by 32.3%.There was no significant difference in stem diameter between ridge and furrow planting.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were higher than those of CK,which was conducive to the improvement of dry matter accumulation in potato.5.The potato yield of ridge planting LS and LH treatments were 90.3%and 68.9%higher than CK,respectively.The yield of furrow planting GM and GS treatments were 94.3%and 90.5%higher than CK,respectively.LS and GM treatments showed the most significant water use efficiency,which were 95.7%and 95.6%higher than CK,respectively.6.PPC degradable permeable film entered the induction period of membrane degradation earliest(60 d mulching),while fodder fiber film had the highest degradation degree in soil(degradation rate reached 63.5%).The economic benefit of ridge planting patterns LS and furrow planting GM was the highest,but the input cost of GM treatment was higher than that of LS treatment,because its production-input ratio was lower than that of LS treatment.There was a significant positive correlation between soil water and temperature,nutrients and soil enzyme activity under the furrow-ridge rainwater harvesting mulching patterns,and there was a significant positive correlation between soil microorganisms(except the number of actinomycetes)and soil enzyme activity.The principal component analysis of soil indexes showed that the soil fertility of ridge planting with common plastic white film furrow covered biodegradable film and ridge mulching common plastic white film furrow covered fodder fiber film was better.Under ridge planting,the soil fertility of the treatments with ridge biodegradable plastic film furrow not covered was the best.Therefore,it is suggested that the furrow-ridge dual mulching model is more conducive to the growth and yield of potato in the dry farming area of southern Ningxia.However,the ridge biodegradable plastic film furrow not covered mode can achieve high yield and high efficiency of potato with considering the cost input. |
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