| The cinnamon soil area in western Liaoning is arid and semi-arid.The area has sufficient sunlight,but the rainfall is unevenly distributed.Rainfall is mostly concentrated in summer and spring drought is severe.In view of these status quo,predecessors have conducted a lot of research,such as drip irrigation with film mulching,straw mulching,and no-tillage sowing,all of which have certain effects,but a single model has certain limitations on water resources and water use efficiency.Therefore,it should be systematically considered from the aspects of water storage and moisture preservation,which has a lot of room for expansion in improving water use efficiency.This paper investigates the problems existing in the soil plow layer under the traditional farming mode of farmers,and then establishes the research content.Through fixed-point field experiments,the establishment of rotary tillage,plowing,autumn sub-soiling,and no-till straw mulching plus inter-tillage sub-soiling(integrated mode for short))Four treatments,with rotary tillage as a control,to explore the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture,corn growth,corn yield,WUE,NUE,and economy in the severe spring drought years(2018)and normal years(2019)during the corn growth period The impact of benefits.The selection of farming methods suitable for the climate and soil in the west of Liaoning will provide scientific basis and technical support for the increase of corn production in the west of Liaoning under the background of drought.The research results are as follows:1.The traditional farming mode of the farmers in the cinnamon soil area of western Liaoning is clear stubble and shallow rotation.Due to long-term rotation,the soil plow layer becomes shallower,the smallest is only 8cm;the plow bottom becomes thicker,the thickest is 18cm;it seriously hinders the growth of corn root system.In the severe spring drought year(2018),the soil water content in the spring planting period was low,and the soil volumetric water content was only12.12%;the rainfall in the spring planting period in the year of sufficient rain(2019)was also scarce,and the soil volumetric water content was only 12.19%.,Affect the emergence of corn,and then affect the yield of corn.2.The effects of different tillage methods in 2018 and 2019 on soil moisture in cinnamon soil region of western Liaoning were studied.The results showed that:(1)compared with traditional spring rotary tillage,in the year of severe spring drought(2018),the tillage methods of autumn tillage and deep tillage in autumn had little effect on soil water content(12.12-24.15%,12.54-24.13%,12.95-24.02%)in tilling layer(0-20cm),but the integrated model had significant effect on the soil water content of the tilth layer in the whole growth period(the soil water content of the integrated model was between 14.13%and 25.42%)The soil water content in deep layer(60-80CM)during the whole growth period of maize was less affected by tillage in autumn and subsoiling in autumn(18.45-24.32%by rotary tillage and 18.91-24.44%by tillage),but the effect of subsoiling and integration on soil water content in deep layer during the whole growth period of maize was significant.(deep pine 21.99-26.31%;integration 22.12-27.15%).In the year of sufficient rainfall(2019),the integrated treatment had a significant effect on the soil water content in the tilth and deep soil layers during the whole growing period of maize,while the other treatments had little effect on the soil water content in the tilth and deep soil layers during the whole growing period of maize.(2)the precipitation in fallow period in 2018 and 2019 was 59.6 mm and 171 mm respectively,but the water storage efficiency of integrated and subsoiling treatment was higher than that of rotary tillage and tillage,and was close to each other,being 28.18%,26.33%,43.48%and 41.43%,respectively.(3)the water storage and rainfall in 2018 and 2019 showed that the soil water storage in 0-80cm section of integrated treatment was significantly higher than other treatments when the rainfall was less during the growing period of maize.When the rainfall was sufficient in the growing period of maize,the soil water storage of subsoiling treatment increased,which was similar to that of integrated treatment and significantly higher than that of tillage and rotary tillage treatment.3.The key limiting factor of maize emergence rate is the soil moisture after maize sowing;in a drought year(2018),the integrated treatment maize starts to grow slowly,and then the growth rate becomes faster;the subsoiling maize grows better than other treatments.Compared with rotary tillage(CK),sub-soiling and integrated treatments significantly increased the root mass of the 30-40cm level by 102.28 and 123.4%.In the year of sufficient rain(2019),there was no significant difference in the growth of corn under different treatments.The subsoiling and integrated treatments slightly increased the root mass by 20-40cm,by 21.6%and 30.1%respectively.4.In the dry year(2018)and the rainy year(2019),the corn yield in the cinnamon soil area of western Liaoning was the highest in integrated treatment and the lowest in rotary tillage.Compared with rotary tillage(CK),integrated processing increased the output by 16.39%in 2018 and 8.54%in 2019.5.In 2018 and 2019,the water use efficiency(Wue)of different tillage systems was the highest,36.61 kg HM 2 mm-1 and 32.2 kg HM 2 mm-1,respectively,which increased by 17.11%and 21.97%compared with rotary tillage(CK)In 2018 and 2019,the nitrogen use efficiency(nue)of different tillage systems was also the highest,41.41 kg-1 and 52.00 kg-1,respectively,which were 16.39%and 8.56%higher than that of rotary tillage(CK).6.The net income of integrated processing in 2018 and 2019 was significantly higher than that of other processing,with the best economic benefits.Compared with rotary farming,the net income of integrated processing corn increased by 2185.07 yuan·hm~2 in 2018,and the net income of integrated processing corn increased by 1413.65 yuan·hm~2 in 2019.The integrated mode is a farming method that can increase the income of locals.From the above conclusions,it can be seen that no-tillage straw mulch plus intertillage subsoiling can better improve soil water storage and moisture retention capacity,corn yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency,and corn economic benefits in spring than rotary tillage,subsoiling and plowing.A farming method that is suitable for the cinnamon soil area in western Liaoning and worthy of promotion. |
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