Research On Soil And Water Conservation Technology For Construction Of Small And Medium-sized Reservoir Projects In Mountainous Area Of Guizhou

The small and medium-sized reservoir projects in Guizhou mountainous area are important water conservancy projects to balance the uneven distribution of rainfall and improve the utilization rate of rainfall in mountainous areas.On the other hand,they unavoidably cause serious soil and water loss.Taking the Golin reservoir project in Guanling Autonomous County as an example.Through the collection of important data and field survey,the analysis of project layout and composition,the division of prevention and control zones,and consideration of the construction progress,construction technology,disturbance characteristics,hydrometeorology,topography,geological structure,soil vegetation and other conditions,the characteristics of soil and water loss in each control zone are analyzed,and the construction period is calculated.According to the characteristics of soil and water loss,the corresponding prevention and control measures of soil and water conservation shall be arranged to clarify the key points of soil and water conservation.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The small and medium-sized reservoir projects in Guizhou mountainous area generally consist of dam engineering area,construction production and living area,water supply engineering area,transportation area,material yard area,a slag yard area,auxiliary system area,special facility reconstruction area and reservoir inundation area;(2)The water and soil loss happens mainly in the construction period.During the construction period,a large amount of water and soil loss is generated in the dam project area and water supply project area,followed by slag yard area,material yard area and traffic road area,and finally the construction production and living area,auxiliary system area and special facility reconstruction area.The prevention and control of soil erosion should be concentrated in the prevention and control of serious soil and water loss areas.(3)The prevention and protection system of soil and water conservation of small and medium-sized reservoirs in mountainous areas of Guizhou Province is mainly composed of engineering measures,plant measures and temporary measures.(4)The characteristics of soil and water loss are different in different control zones,and the emphasis of soil and water conservation measures is different.The dam project should focus on the temporary protection of temporary stacking of earth and stone during the construction period;the water transmission pipeline should focus on the restoration of vegetation and cultivated land function after the completion of pipeline installation;we should also pay attention to the interception of upstream water,the blocking of downstream slag body,and the restoration of vegetation and cultivated land function on the slag surface in the slag yard area;we should pay attention to the protection of mining slope in the quarry area.The upstream excavation should be paid attention to in the process while the control measures of incoming water,the recovery of vegetation and protection of farming land function are important for transportation area;the vegetation restoration after the use of the site should be paid attention to in the construction production and living area,auxiliary system area and special facility reconstruction area.