| Soil erosion has a negative impact on the natural environment and human pro-duction and life.Soil conservation is the basis of sustainable development.Located in the southwest of China,Yuanyang County is a representative area of the agricultural civilization of ethnic minorities in the mountainous areas of southwest China.Yuanyang County is home to Yuanyang terraced fields that have won many titles such as"World Natural and Cultural Heritage"and"National Wetland Park";studying its soil conservation function will help promote the sustainable development of the region,build a southwestern ecological safety barrier,and maintain the terraced heritage.Com-pleteness is important.This paper uses the soil conservation module of the In VEST model to quantitatively study soil conservation in Yuanyang County;uses Arc GIS spa-tial analysis technology to reveal the spatial characteristics of soil conservation func-tions in Yuanyang County from the three dimensions of altitude,watershed,heritage area and non-heritage area.Finally,geographic detectors are used to analyze the rela-tionship between the five natural factors of rainfall,soil type,altitude,slope,and veg-etation coverage and the spatial characteristics of soil conservation;in addition to nat-ural factors,this paper also takes the representative landscape of Yuanyang terraces in the study area as an example,Discuss the impact of human activities on soil conserva-tion.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Yuanyang County is faced with less erosion risk as a whole,and its soil conser-vation function is better.The county’s soil conservation intensity is 32.53t/(hm~2·a),and the soil conservation amount is 7.21·10~6t;the average erosion intensity is 0.48 t/(hm~2·a),which is a slight erosion area of 2.12·105 hm~2,accounting for 90.43%of the total area.The actual corrosion results and measured values are extracted based on the coefficient of determination(R2)for fitting verification.The verification shows that R2 is 0.9913,which is close to 1,indicating that the research process is rigorous and the results are reliable.(2)Soil conservation in Yuanyang County presents multi-dimensional spatial characteristics.From the perspective of altitude,the soil conservation intensity presents a vertical change characteristic of“rising first,then falling”as the altitude rises,and the spatial characteristics of soil conservation at different altitudes vary significantly.When the altitude is 800m-1200m in the northern subtropical zone,the soil conserva-tion intensity reaches the peak value of 35.73 t/(hm2·a).At this time,the soil conser-vation amount reaches 2.04·106t at most,accounting for 28.48%of the total soil con-servation.Secondly,in the dimension of the watershed,it presents the horizontal spatial char-acteristics of"the retention intensity gradually increases from north to south,the inter-nal parts of the watershed are different,and the retention amount is basically the same".Specifically,the soil conservation intensity in the Lixianjiang River Basin is 36.57t/(hm~2·a),which is higher than the county-wide average level of 32.53 t/(hm~2·a),and the Yuanjiang River Basin is 29.61 t/(hm~2·a)lower than the county-wide average.Av-erage.In terms of soil conservation,Yuanyang County’s soil conservation was7.21·10~6t,Yuanjiang Basin was 3.78·10~6t,and Lixianjiang Basin was 3.43·10~6t;they accounted for 52.45%and 47.55%of the county’s total,respectively,with little differ-ence.Finally,in terms of the dimensions of the heritage area,from the core heritage area to the outer heritage radiation area,the soil conservation intensity and the amount of soil conservation both show the horizontal distribution characteristics of"increasing from the inside to the outside".The soil conservation intensity of the heritage core area is 28.92 t/(hm~2·a),and the conservation amount is 0.48·10~6t,accounting for 6.67%;the soil conservation intensity of the heritage buffer zone gradually rises to 29.20 t/(hm~2·a),and the soil conservation amount is 0.87·10~6t,accounting for 12.05%,both ranked sec-ond;the heritage radiation area had the highest soil conservation intensity,33.41t/(hm~2·a),and the conservation was also the highest,reaching 5.86·10~6 t,accounting for 81.29%of the total.(3)The analysis based on the geo-detector shows that the corresponding q values of the five natural environmental factors such as altitude,rainfall,slope,soil type,and vegetation coverage that are more relevant to soil conservation are 0.02,0.01,0.01,0.18,and 0.18,respectively.0.01,it can be seen that soil type factors have the greatest impact on the spatial pattern of soil conservation in Yuanyang County.The"Y"in the ecological detection analysis mainly appears after the soil type factors interact with other geographic factors,which indicates that different soils and their attributes have significant effects on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil conservation in Yuanyang County.The risk detection results show that:the altitude is 668-1043m,the rainfall is 1806-1999mm,the slope is 9-20°,the red soil and vegetation coverage are in the interval of 0.33-0.50,which is the best range for analyzing the spatial distribution of soil conservation in Yuanyang County.The results of interaction detection show that the q value after the interaction of the two factors is greater than any single factor,and the q value after the interaction of the soil factor is the largest.It can be seen that soil factors are the most important for the spatial distribution of soil conservation functions in Yuanyang County.Human activities have an important impact on soil conservation in Yuanyang County,Taking terraces as an example,in thousands of years of life practice,Hani peo-ple have gradually formed a set of survival rules to live in harmony with nature with terraces as the core and water as the main line.Including vegetation protection and water conservation represented by the worship of Zhaishen Forest,complete irrigation-drainage system,agricultural activities with great ecological concept,management and protection measures,etc.All promote soil conservation to varying degrees. |
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