Comprehensive Analysis And Evaluation Of Some Agronomic Characters Of Imported Wheat Germplasm Resources

Wheat is an important ration crop in the world today.As one of the main wheat producing countries,China is also a country with a large population.Ensuring the high yield of wheat plays an important role in meeting the ration demand of the Chinese people.With the reduction of wheat planting area in my country,domestic wheat germplasm The decline of the genetic base of resources hinders the development of high-yield breeding of wheat.The introduction of foreign wheat germplasm resources and the use of agronomic traits to improve Chinese wheat varieties are practical and effective methods to increase production.This experiment uses 55 wheat varieties(lines)imported from the United States,ICARDA,India,Turkey,and Italy as the main research materials.Repeated cultivation and planting in the Caoxinzhuang experimental farm in Yangling,Shaanxi Province in 2018-2020,survey and systematic evaluation of wheat The plant height,tillers,number of spikelets,number of grains per spike,spike length,spikelet density and thousand grain weight of each variety(line)are important agronomic traits of wheat,which provide an important reference for the improvement and cultivation of high-quality new varieties of wheat.Draw conclusions by analyzing the data results of this study:(1)Among the 55 germplasm resources,the coefficient of variation of tiller,grain number per panicle and thousand grain weight were relatively large,which indicated that the foreign wheat germplasm cited in this study had relatively rich genetic diversity in these three agronomic traits,which could provide excellent variety resources for the improvement and breeding of related traits.(2)The wheat germplasm introduced from five regions has different performance characteristics.Among them,the wheat material imported from the United States performed well in the traits of tiller number and spikelet number,but the plant height and 1000-grain weight performance were poor;the overall performance of wheat materials imported from India is poor;the wheat material introduced by ICARDA performed better in ear length traits,while other traits performed well;the wheat material imported from Italy performed better in plant height and spikelet density,but showed poor performance in ear length and thousandgrain weight traits.In the follow-up breeding process,we can choose to introduce regional materials according to different breeding requirement.(3)The correlation results of the 7 agronomic shapes showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between the tiller and plant height traits of the introduced wheat germplasm resources,and a significant negative correlation between the thousand-grain weight traits;there is a significant positive correlation between the number of spikelets and the number of spikelets and spikelet density,but the number of spikelets has a significant negative correlation with the thousand-grain weight;the length of the spike has a significant positive correlation with the thousand-grain weight;spikelet density possess a significant negative correlation with spike length and the thousand-grain weight.(4)after principal component analysis of 7 agronomic traits,three main component factors are determined.The analysis shows that the 55 imported wheat materials have higher spikelet density,and the materials with moderate plant height,tiller and ear length have better comprehensive agronomic characteristics.(5)According to the results of two-year cluster analysis,55 wheat germplasm resources can be divided into four categories.Group 1 is wheat varieties with good comprehensive traits but Materials with general performance in thousand-grain weight,and Group 4 is wheat varieties with average comprehensive traits,but Materials with better performance in thousand-grain weight.In the subsequent process of improvement and breeding of new varieties,in order to breed new varieties with better comprehensive agronomic traits,wheat varieties can be selected from these two groups for crossbreeding.moreover,through cluster analysis,wheat varieties with excellent performance in different agronomic traits can be selected.In the subsequent breeding and improvement of wheat varieties,suitable wheat varieties can be selected according to the improvement requirement of different traits.(6)By investigating the data of 7 agronomic traits from 55 imported wheat germplasm resources in two-year field trials,a batch of wheat varieties with excellent performance in different traits were screened out.Provide different varieties demand for Chinese development of high yielding varieties of high quality wheat varieties in wheat.